A new algorithm of blind color image watermarking based on LU decomposition

Su, Qingtang; Wang, Gang; Zhang, Xiaofeng; Lv, Gaohuan; Chen, Beijing

doi:10.1007/s11045-017-0487-7

Cited by 76 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In Table 1, it is observed that the SSIM of the proposed method ranges from 0.9969 to 0.9985. Further, Table 2 illustrates a comparison between the proposed and recent methods [17,24] in terms of PSNR and SSIM. The PSNR and SSIM of the proposed method vary from 51.02 dB to 53.39 dB and 0.9969 to 0.9988, respectively, in contrast to the recent method whose PSNR and SSIM vary from 38.5471 dB to 41.5391 dB and 0.9804 to 0.9975, respectively.…”

Section: Imperceptibility Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From these results, we can say that the proposed method has high robustness against various attacks. Table 3 shows a comparison between the proposed and recent methods [17,24] against various attacks. In this table, we observe that the NC of the proposed method against various attacks varies from 0.9567 to 0.9986, in contrast to recent methods whose NC vary from 0.6482 to 0.9998.…”

Section: Robustness Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simulation results illustrate that the proposed method is highly robust and secured against different attacks. Moreover, the proposed method provides better results in terms of robustness and imperceptibility compared with the recent methods [17,24]. The PSNR, structural similarity index (SSIM), and normalized correlation (NC) of the proposed method vary within 51.02-53.39 dB, 0.9969-0.9988, and 0.9567-0.9986, respectively, in contrast to the recent methods whose PSNR, SSIM, and NC range 38.5471-41.5391 dB, 0.9804-0.9975, and 0.6482-0.9998, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Discrete cosine transform (DCT) [4][5][6][7][8][9], discrete Fourier transform (DFT) [10,11] and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) [12][13][14][15][16] are commonly used frequency-domain techniques. Recently, some watermarking methods have been proposed that use various decomposition and transform techniques jointly [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While these methods are efficient under the scaling or rotation attacks, the performance is still drastically degraded against other geometric attacks such as cropping. Qingtang et al [24] suggested a color image watermarking method using LU decomposition, where the watermark information is embedded into the first elements of both second and third rows of the lower triangular matrix. It uses Arnold transform to enhance the watermark security and the pseudo-random MD5 hash function is applied to increase the watermark robustness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Blind Image Watermarking in Canonical and Cepstrum Domains Based on 4-Connected t-o’clock Scrambling

et al. 2020

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Copyright protection of multimedia content is confronted with great challenges such as easy access to the Internet. Digital watermarking is widely applicable technique for copyright protection of multimedia contents. In this paper, a blind symmetric watermarking method in canonical and cepstrum domains based on four-connected t-o'clock scrambling is proposed. Initially, the watermark image is scrambled using the four-connected t-o'clock method to enhance the security. Then, the rotation operation is applied to the host image to extract the region where the watermark bits are embedded. After that, discrete linear canonical transform (DLCT) is applied to the extracted region to obtain the DLCT region. Cepstrum transform (CT) is performed on DLCT region to attain CT region. The CT region is then divided into non-overlapping blocks. The watermark bits are inserted into each block using max-heap and min-heap tree property. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed method shows high robustness against numerous attacks. Moreover, it produces high quality watermarked images and provides high security. Furthermore, it has superior performance to recent methods in terms of imperceptibility, robustness, and security.

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Section: Imperceptibility Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Robustness Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Blind Image Watermarking in Canonical and Cepstrum Domains Based on 4-Connected t-o’clock Scrambling

et al. 2020

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A spatial domain‐based color image blind watermarking scheme integrating multilevel discrete Hartley transform

Zhang

2021

Int J Intell Syst

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In this paper, a spatial domain‐based blind watermarking scheme of color images integrating multilevel discrete Hartley transform (DHT) is proposed to protect color digital images' copyright under the current 5G network environment. On the basis of the unique spatial computing property of the maximum energy coefficient of DHT and the energy aggregation principle of multilevel image transform, the color watermark image scrambled by Affine transform is directly hidden into color carrier image by quantitative techniques in the spatial domain, rather than the complex DHT domain. The specific performance of the scheme in various aspects is as follows: (1) the average value of the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio is higher than 40 dB; (2) the average value of structural similarity index metric remains above 0.9700; (3) the average value of normalized cross‐correlation under no attack is 1.0000; (4) the average value of normalized cross‐correlation. under attack is above 0.9600; (5) the total execution time is 1.1856 s; (6) the maximum embedding capacity is 0.0625 bpp; and (7) the entire key space is greater than 2432. Multiple simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is not merely imperceptible and robust, but also secure and efficient, which can protect the digital copyright with effect.

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A blind color image watermarking algorithm combined spatial domain and SVD

Zhang

Wang

2021

Int J of Intelligent Sys

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It has great significance for protecting the image copyright with color image digital watermarking technique, which needs the watermarking algorithm has high robustness, good imperceptibility and short running-time. A blind colour image watermarking algorithm combined spatial domain and singular value decomposition (SVD) is designed to protect the rightful ownership of color image in this paper. The theoretical principle combined SVD and spatial domain is first discussed and proposed in this paper. Based on the derived principle, the watermark information can be directly embedded into the maximum singular value (MSV) of the host image in the spatial domain by the new quantization index modulation with variable quantization step, and the embedded watermark information can be directly extracted from the MSV of the watermarked image block in the spatial domain with geometrical correction. The contributions of this paper include the following four points: (1) the relationship between the changed MSV of SVD and the average changed value of image pixel in the spatial domain is the first derived in this paper; (2) the presented method has the merits of both spatial-domain technique and transform-domain technique; (3) the relationships of each component of the color image are used to improve the invisibility and the geometrical correction of watermarked image is also adapted to further improve the robustness; and (4) this presented method overcomes the

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A new algorithm of blind color image watermarking based on LU decomposition

Cited by 76 publications

References 19 publications

Blind Image Watermarking in Canonical and Cepstrum Domains Based on 4-Connected t-o’clock Scrambling

Blind Image Watermarking in Canonical and Cepstrum Domains Based on 4-Connected t-o’clock Scrambling

A spatial domain‐based color image blind watermarking scheme integrating multilevel discrete Hartley transform

A blind color image watermarking algorithm combined spatial domain and SVD

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