A New Biphasic Dicalcium Silicate Bone Cement Implant

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the processing parameters and biocompatibility of a novel biphasic dicalcium silicate (C2S) cement. Biphasic α´L + β-C2Sss was synthesized by solid-state processing, and was used as a raw material to prepare the cement. In vitro bioactivity and biocompatibility studies were assessed by soaking the cement samples in simulated body fluid (SBF) and human adipose stem cell cultures. Two critical-sized defects of 6 mm Ø were created in 15 NZ tibias. A porous cement made of the high temperature forms of C2S, with a low phosphorous substitution level, was produced. An apatite-like layer covered the cement’s surface after soaking in SBF. The cell attachment test showed that α´L + β-C2Sss supported cells sticking and spreading after 24 h of culture. The cement paste (55.86 ± 0.23) obtained higher bone-to-implant contact (BIC) percentage values (better quality, closer contact) in the histomorphometric analysis, and defect closure was significant compared to the control group (plastic). The residual material volume of the porous cement was 35.42 ± 2.08% of the initial value. The highest BIC and bone formation percentages were obtained on day 60. These results suggest that the cement paste is advantageous for initial bone regeneration.

Study of Two Bovine Bone Blocks (Sintered and Non-Sintered) Used for Bone Grafts: Physico-Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Bioactivity and Cellular Analysis

“…Regards to the resistance of the blocks, the high strength values presented by the two tested materials (bovine bone 1 and bovine bone 2), as generally found for highly dense structures, resulted from the low porosity in these materials, which was corroborated by the results obtained in the present study. Other authors have reported that large porosities certainly reduce a material’s mechanical strength and may alter the cellular processes involved in tissue healing, e.g., in new bone formation in this case [49,50]. Then, a larger pore can affect the stability of the scaffold and its ability to provide physical support for the seeded cells [51,52].…”

Dicalcium Silicate Induced Proinflammatory Responses through TLR2-Mediated NF-κB and JNK Pathways in the Murine RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cell Line

“…The study found that a new type of α ′L + β -C 2 S ss cement paste can support cell adhesion and diffusion and also found that it was beneficial to the early stage of bone regeneration. [ 25 ] Additionally, studies have found that calcium silicate ion release materials provide a good microenvironment for the survival and differentiation of human oral and maxillofacial mesenchymal stem cells (OFMSCs), and the combination of calcium silicate materials and OFMSCs can promote tissue regeneration for periapical bone defects [ 26 ].…”

Particulated, Extracted Human Teeth Characterization by SEM–EDX Evaluation as a Biomaterial for Socket Preservation: An In Vitro Study

“…Changing the size, porosity, and crystallinity of each HA-based bone substitute material will influence the integration of the biomaterial within the implantation site and new bone formation [7,8]. To allow tissue penetration into the pores (and thus bone repair), they must be greater than 100 µm [9,10,11,12,13].…”