A new on-chip ESI nozzle for coupling of MS with microfluidic devices

Schilling, Michael; Nigge, Walter; Rudziński, Andrzej; Neyer, A.; Hergenröder, Roland

doi:10.1039/b315957b

Cited by 54 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…[13][14][15] Different MS configurations [16][17][18][19] such as single and triple quadrupole MS ion trap and ultra high resolution Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) were adapted to polymer-based chip ESI interfacing and optimized mostly for proteomic surveys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin chip microsprayer system coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer for glycoconjugate analysis

et al. 2005

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A thin chip polymer-based microsprayer has been coupled to a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (QTOF MS) and introduced in carbohydrate research. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated for mapping, sequencing and structural elucidation of glycoconjugates originating from human body fluids and tissues such as a glycopeptide mixture from normal human urine and an isolated and purified GT1 ganglioside fraction from normal adult human brain. The optimization procedure required by each glycoconjugate category is described and the advantages of the system in terms of flexibility and adaptability to QTOF MS, stability of the ESI MS signal, carbohydrate ionization and sequencing, sensitivity, speed of analysis and sample consumption are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin chip microsprayer system coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer for glycoconjugate analysis

et al. 2005

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“…Microfabrication of ESI emitter tips follows two main approaches: (1) a "needle-like" ap-proach or (2) a "channel-like" approach consisting of a sharpened interface at the outlet of a microchannel. "Needle-like" approaches were reported using silicon nitride [11], parylene [12], silicon [13][14][15], as well as polycarbonate [16] or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) [17]. The reported "channel-like" approaches include PMMA starshaped systems [18], polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) devices having a triangular shape [19], devices based on a groove feature [20], machined point-like structures [21], polyimide-based triangular systems [22], and triangular parylene sheet-based devices [23].…”

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confidence: 99%

An open design microfabricated nib-like nanoelectrospray emitter tip on a conducting silicon substrate for the application of the ionization voltage

Gac

Rolando

Arscott

2006

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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This paper describes a novel emitter tip having the shape of a nib and based on an open structure for nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nanoESI-MS). The nib structure is fabricated with standard lithography techniques using SU-8, an epoxy-based negative photoresist. The tip is comprised of a reservoir, a capillary slot and a point-like feature, and is fabricated on a silicon wafer. We present here a novel scheme for interfacing such nib tips to MS by applying the ionization voltage directly onto the semi-conductor support. The silicon support is in direct contact with the liquid to be analyzed at the reservoir and microchannel level, thus allowing easy use in ESI-MS. This scheme is especially advantageous for automated analysis as the manual step of positioning a metallic wire into the reservoir is avoided. In addition, the analysis performance was enhanced compared with the former scheme, as demonstrated by the tests of standard peptides (gramicidin S, Glu-fibrinopeptide B). The limit of detection was determined to be lower than 10 Ϫ 2 M. Due to their enhanced performance, these microfabricated sources might be of great interest for analysis requiring very high sensitivity, such as proteomics analysis using nanoESI-MS. Proteomics studies are carried out on small amounts of sample and, thereby, need highly sensitive analysis techniques. ESI-MS matches this sensitivity criterion [2]. It also enables species identification using their precise molecular weights and provides fragment sequences using the MS/MS mode [1,3]. Therefore, ESI-MS is one of the best techniques for use in proteomics.Nanospraying is usually performed using glass or fused-silica-based capillary tips [2], and the spray is obtained by applying the ionization voltage to the electrical conductive tip or through the sample solution. However, capillary sources present a number of weaknesses: (1) a poorly controlled fabrication route resulting in a low reproducibility of the sources, (2) an irregular profile of the aperture after source opening, (3) easy clogging due to the small i.d., (4) signal suppression caused by air bubbles, and (5) deterioration of the conductive coating [4,5] upon operation.Different improvements regarding the quality of the emitter tip are proposed in the literature. Reproducible dimensions can be achieved using an enhanced fabrication route based on laser-micromachining [6,7]. More stable coatings have also been reported [8 -10]. Most of these improvements, however, do not solve the basic problems of clogging and the lack of reproducibility that affect the analysis conditions. Using microtechnology techniques, reproducible and ready-to-use high-quality nanospray tips can be produced in large batches. The tip geometry can be chosen to allow on-chip integration together with other microfluidic components, e.g., a chromatography column, and also to be compatible with the use of standard robots. Microfabrication of ESI emitter tips follows two main approaches: (1) a "needle-like" ap- Our approach is to design an em...

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“…The same group was later able to use a microsystem prepared in the described manner for quantitative measurements [80]. Schilling et al [81] milled an electrospray ionization nozzle out of the polymer substrate that they used for their microsystem as shown in Fig. 8.…”

Section: Electrospray Emittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in detection for microfluidic systems

2004

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Microfluidic systems have become more and more important in the field of analytical chemistry. Detection methods on these microsystems are essential for the identification and quantification of chemical species that are being analyzed. This review concentrates on the latest developments of optical detection methods and mass spectrometry in conjunction with microfluidic systems. Electrochemical methods are discussed in another review in the same issue of this journal. Within the optical detection section, topics such as multiplexed detection and the use of waveguides are discussed. Within the discussion of mass spectrometry, the main focus is on electrospray emitters as interfaces between microsystem and spectrometer. Apart from optical detection and mass spectrometry, other techniques such as flame ionization and nuclear magnetic resonance are also mentioned.

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A new on-chip ESI nozzle for coupling of MS with microfluidic devices

Cited by 54 publications

References 37 publications

Thin chip microsprayer system coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer for glycoconjugate analysis

Thin chip microsprayer system coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer for glycoconjugate analysis

An open design microfabricated nib-like nanoelectrospray emitter tip on a conducting silicon substrate for the application of the ionization voltage

Recent developments in detection for microfluidic systems

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