A new procedure to study the perceptual world of animals with sensory reinforcement: Recognition of humans by a chimpanzee

Fujita, Kazuo; Matsuzawa, Tetsuro

doi:10.1007/bf02382072

Cited by 50 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…During sessions, the left lever was always lighted except while the rotary magazine was rotated. This procedure was identical to that employed by FUJITA and MATSUZAWA (1986). The majority of the subjects (those with an asterisk in Table 1) were not allowed to see the same picture continuously for more than 10 sec.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species recognition by five macaque monkeys

Fujita

1987

Primates

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101

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ABSTRACT. Sixteen monkeys of five macaque species (Macaca fuscata fuscata, M. mulatta, M. radiata, M. nemestrina, and M. arctoides) pressed a lever to see a variety of pictures (35 mm slides) of seven macaque species including their conspecifics. The subjects were allowed to see the same picture for the duration of the lever press and were able to see the same picture repeatedly by pressing the lever within 10 sec after the previous release of the lever. When 10 sec passed after releasing the lever, the next picture was set on the slide projector. All monkeys except M. arctoides and two infant M. fuscata Juscata pressed the lever to see their conspecifics for the longest duration. For all of the adult subjects, a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) based on the mean duration of lever pressing responses (D) and the mean interval between the responses (I) revealed that the data for conspecific stimuli were distributed at significantly different locations from those for at least one of six close species on a two-dimensional space constructed with D and I. These results suggest that adult macaque monkeys visually discriminate their conspecifics from close species based on the still images of them.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species recognition by five macaque monkeys

Fujita

1987

Primates

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101

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“…Chimpanzees have been shown to demonstrate remarkable cognitive capabilities that are often strikingly reminiscent ofhuman reasoning abilities and conceptual skills (see, e.g., Boysen, Berntson, Shreyer, & Hannan, 1995;Fujita & Matsuzawa, 1986;Gillan, Premack, & Woodruff, 1981;Matsuzawa, 1985aMatsuzawa, , 1985bPremack, 1986;Savage-Rumbaugh, 1986). For example, they have been shown to have impressive capabilities in numerical processing, symbolic representation ofnumber, and even numerical reasoning that does not require the support of language, as typically defined (see, e.g., Boysen, 1997;, Boysen & Berntson, 1989Matsuzawa, 1985b;Murofushi, 1997).…”

Section: Sarah T Boysen Kimberly L Mukobi and Gary G Berntsonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overcoming response bias using symbolic representations of number by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Boysen

Mukobi

Berntson

1999

Animal Learning & Behavior

102

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Wepreviously reported that chimpanzees were unable to optimally select the smaller of two candy arrays in order to receive a larger reward. When Arabic numerals were substituted for the candy arrays, animals who had had prior training with numerical symbols showed an immediate and significant improvement in performance and were able to select reliably the smaller numeric representation in order to obtain a larger reward. Poor performance with candy arrays was interpreted as reflecting a response bias toward the intrinsic incentive and/or perceptual features of the larger array. In contrast, the Arabic numerals represent numerosity symbolically and appear to promote response choice on the basis of abstract processing of numerosity, with minimal interference from the inherent properties of the choice stimuli. The present study tested the hypothesis that, for mixed symbol-candy choice pairs, the requisite processing of the abstract numeral may foster a mode of numerical judgment that diminishes the interfering incentive/perceptual effects of the candy stimuli. The results were consistent with this hypothesis. Whereas performance on candy-candy arrays was significantly below chance levels, performance on numeral-candy choice pairs was significantly above chance and comparable with performance on numeral-numeral pairs.Chimpanzees have been shown to demonstrate remarkable cognitive capabilities that are often strikingly reminiscent ofhuman reasoning abilities and conceptual skills (see, e.g., Boysen, Berntson, Shreyer, & Hannan, 1995;Fujita & Matsuzawa, 1986;Gillan, Premack, & Woodruff, 1981; Matsuzawa, 1985a Matsuzawa, , 1985bPremack, 1986; Savage-Rumbaugh, 1986). For example, they have been shown to have impressive capabilities in numerical processing, symbolic representation ofnumber, and even numerical reasoning that does not require the support of language, as typically defined (see, e.g., Boysen, 1997;, Boysen & Berntson, 1989 Matsuzawa, 1985b;Murofushi, 1997). Behavioral and cognitive differences nonetheless exist between chimpanzees and humans, and those differences can sometimes be more informative than similarities for the comparative understanding of cognitive function (Boysen, Berntson, Hannan, & Cacioppo, 1996). Several years ago, we encountered a rather striking training failure with two chimpanzees (Boysen & Berntson, 1995). The task required the seemingly simple choice between two different-sized candy arrays. A reversed reinforcement contingency was imposed, so that the candies in the selected array were removed and the animal received the remaining, nonchosen array as a reward. In order to maximize payoff, it was in the best interest of the chimpanzee subject to choose the dish with the smaller number of candies, in order to reap the larger remainder. Both of the animals in the preliminary study failed to do so, and even after hundreds of training trials, they persisted in selecting the larger candy array and, thus, consistently received the smaller amount of reward.To further explore their seeming...

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“…Also, SWARTZ (1980) found that long-tailed macaques display different viewing durations depending on the macaques species presented. FUJITA and MATSUZAWA (1986) showed that a chimpanzee exhibited longer viewing duration towards human slides than towards non-human slides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Responses to animal stimulus photographs in stumptailed macaques (Macaca arctoides)

Demaria¹,

Thierry²

1988

Primates

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ABSTRACT. Interest in their animate environment was studied in a captive group of 11 stumptailed macaques (Macaca arctoides). Subjects were shown projected photographic slides, most of which showed a single individual primate or non-primate. The measure of interest was the duration of viewing. Results showed that adult females exhibited more interest towards stumptailed macaques versus other macaques species, and towards adult females carrying infants versus adult females alone. Data concerning non-primates showed that subjects were especially interested by photographs of felids; this effect was partly due to the presence of two frontal and conspicuous eyes in felids.

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A new procedure to study the perceptual world of animals with sensory reinforcement: Recognition of humans by a chimpanzee

Cited by 50 publications

References 12 publications

Species recognition by five macaque monkeys

Species recognition by five macaque monkeys

Overcoming response bias using symbolic representations of number by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Responses to animal stimulus photographs in stumptailed macaques (Macaca arctoides)

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