A new series of type II (benzophenone) polymeric photoinitiators

Davidson, R. S.; Dias, Aylvin A.; Illsley, Derek R.

doi:10.1016/1010-6030(94)04026-x

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Photoinitiators that are applied in a small percentage in formulations play a key role in UV curing process as well the properties of end product. However, the commercially supplied conventional photoinitiators with low‐molecular weights exhibit some inherent disadvantages, such as odor or migration of photolysis species from cured films 3, 4. Therefore, many researchers in academic and industrial areas are concentrating on the development of polymeric and polymerizable photoinitiators 5–7.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

T lymphocytes and muscle condition act like seeds and soil in a murine polymyositis model

Okiyama

Sugihara

Oida³

et al. 2012

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Objective. It has been reported that polymyositis (PM) is driven by CD8؉ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The C protein-induced myositis (CIM) model we have established is similar to PM in pathology except that it undergoes spontaneous remission. We undertook the present study to delineate the roles of innate and acquired immunity in myositis.Methods. C57BL/6 mice were immunized with recombinant C protein fragments together with

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

T lymphocytes and muscle condition act like seeds and soil in a murine polymyositis model

Okiyama

Sugihara

Oida³

et al. 2012

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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“…Aromatic ketones such as benzophenone are important photoinitiators for triplet-state and free-radical photoreactions. 25,26 The low-lying n, p* triplet state of benzophenone 33 can act directly as a triplet sensitizer and also undergoes hydrogen atom abstraction from a suitable H-atom donor, such as amine or an alcohol, to form radicals. 34 -37 Monitoring the kinetics of the tripletstate and radical intermediates during their formation and subsequent decay can provide important information on the structure of intermediates and the rates of initiation of radical reactions and competition from radical recombination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A rom atic ketones, including benzophenones, xanthones, and quinones, are comm only used as photoinitiators for triplet-state and radical photoreactions. 25,26 The low-lying n, p* triplet-state of these ketones, produced from ground-state absorption of ultraviolet radiation, can act as a sensitizer and undergo hydrogen atom abstraction from a suitable H-atom donor. M onitoring the kinetics of the triplet-state sensitizer and radical intermediates during their formation and subsequent decay provides useful information on the initiation of radical reactions and their competition with free-radical recombination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the Formation and Decay of Transient Photosensitized Intermediates Using Pump-Probe UV Resonance Raman Spectroscopy. I: Self-Modeling Curve Resolution

Kleimeyer

Harris

2003

Appl Spectrosc

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Resolution of transient excited-state Raman scattering from ground-state and solvent bands is a challenging spectroscopic measurement since excited-state spectral features are often of low intensity, overlapping the dominant ground-state and solvent bands. The Raman spectra of these intermediates can be resolved, however, by acquiring time-resolved data and using multidimensional data analysis methods. In the absence of a physical model describing the kinetic behavior of a reaction, resolution of the pure-component spectra from these data can be accomplished using self-modeling curve resolution, a factor analysis technique that relies on the correlation in the data along a changing composition dimension to resolve the component spectra. A two-laser UV pump-probe resonance-enhanced Raman instrument was utilized to monitor the kinetics of amine quenching of excited-triplet states of benzophenone. The formation and decay of transient intermediates were monitored over time, from 15 ns to 100 micros. Factor analysis of the time-resolved spectral data identified three significant components in the data. The time-resolved intensities at each Raman wavenumber shift were projected onto the three significant eigenvectors, and least-squares criteria were developed to find the common plane in the space of the eigenvectors that includes the observed data. Within that plane, the three pure-component spectra were resolved using geometric criteria of convex hull analysis. The resolved spectra were found to arise from benzophenone excited-triplet states, diphenylketyl radicals, and the solvent and ground-state benzophenone.

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“…However, the commercially supplied conventional photoinitiators with low-molecular weights exhibit some inherent disadvantages, such as odor or migration of photolysis species from cured films. 3,4 Therefore, many researchers in academic and industrial areas are concentrating on the development of polymeric and polymerizable photoinitiators. [5][6][7] Benzophenone (BP) is a type II free radical photoinitiator and has been widely used in wood, plastic, and paper coatings and inks because of its low cost and high photoinitiating activity in the presence of coinitiators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and photoinitiating activity study of polymeric photoinitiators bearing BP moiety based on hyperbranched poly(ester‐amine) via thiol‐ene click reaction

Xie

Shi

2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A series of polymeric photoinitiators (BPHPEAs) bearing BP moiety based on hyperbranched poly(ester-amine) were synthesized via the thiol-ene click reaction of 3-(4-benzoylphenoxy)propyl 2-mercaptoacetate (BPPM) with acrylated HPEA. BPPM was obtained by the esterification of (4-(3-hydroxypropoxy) phenyl) phenyl methanone (HPPM) with mercaptoacetic acid in the presence of p-toluene sulphonic acid as a catalyst. HPEA was prepared through Michael addition of piperazine with tri(hydroxymethyl)propane triacrylate. Their molecular structures were confirmed by the 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and FTIR analysis. The UV-vis spectrum analysis results showed that BP-HPEAs exhibit the stronger n-p* absorption at $ 340 nm with over two times higher molar extinction coefficients than BP at the concentration of 1.00 Â 10 À3M. The photoinitiating activity study showed that the maximum photopolymerization rates of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate initiated by BP-HPEAs in the absence of coinitiator were obtained by two times higher than that by BP in the presence of triethylamine as a coinitiator. Moreover, the excellent miscibility of BP-HPEAs with the commercial bisphenol A epoxy diacrylate was achieved according to the T s /T g ratios of over 9.0 from DMTA.

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A new series of type II (benzophenone) polymeric photoinitiators

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

T lymphocytes and muscle condition act like seeds and soil in a murine polymyositis model

T lymphocytes and muscle condition act like seeds and soil in a murine polymyositis model

Monitoring the Formation and Decay of Transient Photosensitized Intermediates Using Pump-Probe UV Resonance Raman Spectroscopy. I: Self-Modeling Curve Resolution

Synthesis and photoinitiating activity study of polymeric photoinitiators bearing BP moiety based on hyperbranched poly(ester‐amine) via thiol‐ene click reaction

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