“…We can see that the translation and cross-cultural adaptation must go through several adaptations, adjustments, or refinements after each step until it reaches its final form. Although laborious, time-consuming, and costly (Beaton et al, 2000;Kalfoss, 2019;Povoroznyuk et al, 2016;Sperber, 2004), this multi-step process aims to increase the quality of the adapted instruments and, in turn, their overall validity and reliability (Beaton et al, 2007;Borsa et al, 2012;Guillemin et al, 1993;Karthikeyan et al, 2015;Mizuno et al, 2019;Tsang et al, 2017). Hawkins et al (2020) claim that following a rigorous translation procedure maximizes construct equivalence, minimizes threats to construct validity and generates qualitative validity evidence for score interpretation and use in a new linguistic context.…”