A nexus of plate interaction: Vertical deformation of Holocene wave-built terraces on the Kamchatsky Peninsula (Kamchatka, Russia)

Pinegina, Tatiana K.; Bourgeois, Joanne; Kravchunovskaya, Ekaterina A.; Ландер, А. В.; Arcos, Maria Elizabeth Martin; Pedoja, Kévin; MacInnes, Breanyn

doi:10.1130/b30793.1

Cited by 26 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The Holocene uplift rates are usually 2-3 times higher than Pleistocene rates (see Lajoie, 1986, his Figure 6.11), and at some sites even an order of magnitude higher (Pinegina et al, 2010;Pedoja et al, 2013a;Pinegina et al, 2013). However, such changes are not so apparent in other areas (e.g.…”

Section: Mis 1 and Mismentioning

confidence: 89%

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Coastal staircase sequences reflecting sea-level oscillations and tectonic uplift during the Quaternary and Neogene

Pedoja

Husson

Johnson

et al. 2014

Earth-Science Reviews

171

195

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This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. Many coasts feature sequences of Quaternary and Neogene shorelines that are shaped by a combination of sealevel oscillations and tectonics. We compiled a global synthesis of sea-level changes for the following highstands: MIS 1, MIS 3, MIS 5e and MIS 11. Also, we date the apparent onset of sequences of paleoshorelines either from published data or tentatively extrapolating an age for the uppermost, purported oldest shoreline in each sequence. Including the most documented MIS 5e benchmark, we identify 926 sequences out of which 185 also feature Holocene shorelines. Six areas are identified where elevations of the MIS 3 shorelines are known, and 31 feature elevation data for MIS 11 shorelines. Genetic relationships to regional geodynamics are further explored based on the elevations of the MIS 5e benchmark. Mean apparent uplift rates range from 0.01 ± 0.01 mm/yr (hotspots) to 1.47 ± 0.08 mm/yr (continental collision). Passive margins appear as ubiquitously uplifting, while tectonic segmentation is more important on active margins. From the literature and our extrapolations, we infer ages for the onset of formation for~180 coastal sequences. Sea level fingerprinting on coastal sequences started at least during mid Miocene and locally as early as Eocene. Whether due to the changes in the bulk volume of seawater or to the temporal variations in the shape of ocean basins, estimates of eustasy fail to explain the magnitude of the apparent sea level drop. Thus, vertical ground motion is invoked, and we interpret the longlasting development of those paleoshore sequences as the imprint of glacial cycles on globally uplifted margins in response to continental compression. The geomorphological expression of the sequences matches the amplitude and frequency of glacial cyclicity. From middle Pleistocene to present-day, moderately fast (100,000 yrs) oscillating sea levels favor the development of well identified strandlines that are distinct from one another. Pliocene and Lower Pleistocene strandlines associated with faster cyclicity (40,000 yrs) are more compact and easily merge into rasas, whereas older Cenozoic low-frequency eustatic changes generally led to widespread flat-lying coastal plains.

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Section: Mis 1 and Mismentioning

confidence: 89%

“…First, Holocene and MIS 5e uplift rates are widely discrepant in some zones affected by deformation associated with great earthquakes (e.g. Lajoie, 1986;Ota and Yamaguchi, 2004;Pinegina et al, 2010Pinegina et al, , 2013. Second, only a few paleocoasts have been correlated to the MIS 3 interval.…”

Section: Mis 1 and Mismentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal staircase sequences reflecting sea-level oscillations and tectonic uplift during the Quaternary and Neogene

Pedoja

Husson

Johnson

et al. 2014

Earth-Science Reviews

171

195

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Changes in elevation relative to sea level are quantified by determining the age and elevation of the lowest former soil horizon above marine sand in any excavation ( Fig. S5; as in Pinegina et al, 2013). For the case herein, reconstructing less than 2000 years of coastal history, our calculated changes in relative sea level are due to active tectonics, not eustatic or regional sea-level fluctuation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While we cannot typically reconstruct profiles that have been changed by erosion, we can reconstruct profile progradation (building seaward), which affects profile width. Our method uses preserved tephra as discussed, for example, in Pinegina et al (2013) and MacInnes et al (2016), as summarized in Fig. S5.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The 1997 Kronotsky earthquake and tsunami and their predecessors, Kamchatka, Russia

Bourgeois

Pinegina

2018

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The northern part of the Kamchatka subduction zone (KSZ) experienced three tsunamigenic earthquakes in the 20th century – February 1923, April 1923, December 1997 – events that help us better understand the behavior of this segment. A particular focus of this study is the nature and location of the 5 December 1997 Kronotsky rupture (Mw ∼ 7.8) as elucidated by tsunami runup north of Kronotsky Peninsula in southern to central Kamchatsky Bay. Some studies have characterized the subduction zone off Kronotsky Peninsula as either more locked or more smoothly slipping than surrounding areas and have placed the 1997 rupture south of this promontory. However, 1997 tsunami runup north of the peninsula, as evidenced by our mapping of tsunami deposits, requires the rupture to extend farther north. Previously reported runup (1997 tsunami) on Kronotsky Peninsula was no more than 2–3 m, but our studies indicate tsunami heights for at least 50 km north of Kronotsky Peninsula in Kamchatsky Bay, ranging from 3.4 to 9.5 m (average 6.1 m), exceeding beach ridge heights of 5.3 to 8.3 m (average 7.1 m). For the two 1923 tsunamis, we cannot distinguish among their deposits in southern to central Kamchatsky Bay, but the deposits are more extensive than the 1997 deposit. A reevaluation of the April 1923 historical tsunami suggests that its moment magnitude could be revised upward, and that the 1997 earthquake filled a gap between the two 1923 earthquake ruptures. Characterizing these historical earthquakes and tsunamis in turn contributes to interpreting the prehistoric record, which is necessary to evaluate recurrence intervals for such events. Deeper in time, the prehistoric record back to ∼ AD 300 in southern to central Kamchatsky Bay indicates that during this interval, there were no local events significantly larger than those of the 20th century. Together, the historic and prehistoric tsunami record suggests a more northerly location of the 1997 rupture compared to most other analyses, a revision of the size of the April 1923 earthquake, and agreement with previous work suggesting the northern KSZ ruptures in smaller sections than the southern KSZ. The final suggestion should be considered with caution, however, as we continue to learn that our historic and even prehistoric records of earthquakes and tsunamis are limited, in particular as applied to hazard analysis. This study is a contribution to our continued efforts to understand tectonic behavior around the northern Pacific and in subduction zones, in general.

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Uplift rate transients at subduction margins due to earthquake clustering

et al. 2016

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Coastal uplift is common in continental fore‐arc systems, with elevated paleoshorelines indicating that uplift rates can vary dramatically over time on individual margins. The origins of these changes in uplift rates are examined using a global data set of paleoshorelines together with 2‐D numerical models of subduction systems. Empirical paleoshoreline data (N = 282) from eight subduction margins indicate that uplift rates are generally not steady state and varied by up to a factor of 20 during the late Quaternary (≤125 ka). On many subduction margins uplift rates increase to the present day, a finding which we attribute to sampling bias toward those locations where Holocene uplift rates have been highest (with respect to other global margins which have undergone fast subsidence or no vertical motion—e.g., a property akin to the so‐called Sadler effect). Paleoshorelines and 2‐D models suggest that transient uplift rates at subduction margins are mainly a short‐term (<20 ka) phenomenon that cannot be accounted for by plate‐boundary scale processes such as changes in the rates of plate convergence, sediment underplating or isostatic unloading. Instead, time‐variable uplift rates are ascribed to temporal clustering of large‐magnitude earthquakes on upper plate faults and, to a lesser extent, the subduction thrust. The potential for future damaging earthquakes and tsunamis may have been underestimated at active subduction margins with no measureable Holocene uplift, and in such cases, late Quaternary paleoshorelines could provide an important constraint for hazard analysis.

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A nexus of plate interaction: Vertical deformation of Holocene wave-built terraces on the Kamchatsky Peninsula (Kamchatka, Russia)

Cited by 26 publications

References 60 publications

Coastal staircase sequences reflecting sea-level oscillations and tectonic uplift during the Quaternary and Neogene

Coastal staircase sequences reflecting sea-level oscillations and tectonic uplift during the Quaternary and Neogene

The 1997 Kronotsky earthquake and tsunami and their predecessors, Kamchatka, Russia

Uplift rate transients at subduction margins due to earthquake clustering

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