A novel akermanite/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) porous composite scaffold fabricated via a solvent casting-particulate leaching method improved by solvent self-proliferating process

Abstract

Desirable scaffolds for tissue engineering should be biodegradable carriers to supply suitable microenvironments mimicked the extracellular matrices for desired cellular interactions and to provide supports for the formation of new tissues. In this work, a kind of slightly soluble bioactive ceramic akermanite (AKT) powders were aboratively selected and introduced in the PLGA matrix, a novel l-lactide modified AKT/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (m-AKT/PLGA) composite scaffold was fabricated via a solvent casting-particulate leaching method improved by solvent self-proliferating process. The effects of m-AKT contents on properties of composite scaffolds and on MC3T3-E1 cellular behaviors in vitro have been primarily investigated. The fabricated scaffolds exhibited three-dimensional porous networks, in which homogenously distributed cavities in size of 300–400 μm were interconnected by some smaller holes in a size of 100–200 μm. Meanwhile, the mechanical structure of scaffolds was reinforced by the introduction of m-AKT. Moreover, alkaline ionic products released by m-AKT could neutralize the acidic degradation products of PLGA, and the apatite-mineralization ability of scaffolds could be largely improved. More valuably, significant promotions on adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 have been observed, which implied the calcium, magnesium and especially silidous ions released sustainably from composite scaffolds could regulate the behaviors of osteogenesis-related cells.

Applications of Biomaterials in 3D Cell Culture and Contributions of 3D Cell Culture to Drug Development and Basic Biomedical Research

“…The solvent casting and particulate leaching (SCPL) method, which combines the particulate leaching method and solvent casting method, has been used to produce scaffolds for the culture of osteoblasts and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells [ 110 ]. Mouse embryonic osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) cultured on PLGA scaffolds made with the SCPL method showed increased alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of type I collagen [ 111 ]. Emulsion templating is one of the common methods for the fabrication of porous scaffolds [ 16 ].…”

Fabrication of nanochitosan incorporated polypyrrole/alginate conducting scaffold for neural tissue engineering

“…These results showed that nanochitosan/PPy–Alg scaffold promoted OLN-93 neural cells adhesion and the cells expressed their characteristic morphology. Previous studies have shown that the surface characteristics of scaffolds significantly affect cell adhesion and hydrophilic surface of scaffolds were favorable for attachment of the cells to scaffolds 35 . Moreover, chitosan nanoparticles in scaffolds probably have a role in nanoparticles-dependent attachment via involving in the cell membrane.…”

Adhesion and Proliferation of Osteoblast-Like Cells on Porous Polyetherimide Scaffolds

“…Solvent casting and particulate leaching method was a commonly used method for fabrication of porous polymer scaffold, which is owing to the simple operation, and the pore size and the porosity of scaffolds could be well controlled via the particle size and the amount of the incorporated salt particles [14]. Many literatures have demonstrated that the pore size larger than 300 μ m is considered as a suitable dimension for osteocyte ingrowth [15–17].…”