A Novel Approach of Leflunomide Nanoemulgel for Topical Drug Delivery System

Verma, Vivek; Easwari, T. S.

doi:10.5530/ijpi.2022.2.35

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Particle size testing is carried out to determine the size of the globules formed in nanoemulgel and elmulgel. 16…”

Section: Particle Size Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation and effectiveness test of clove flower oil (Syzygium aromaticum L.) nanoemulsigel preparations against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria

Sembiring,

Reveny,

Dalimunthe

2023

Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol

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Background: Acne is a chronic inflammatory process in the pilosebaceous glands. The appearance of acne is a process of follicular hyper-keratinization, which causes blockage of the pores so that the hair follicles are blocked by bacteria known as Propionibacterium acnes. Clove flower oil contains eugenol compounds which have the strongest activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Methods: In this research, antibacterial activity tests were carried out on clove flower oil with various concentrations and nano-emulsion gel preparations were made with a clove flower oil concentration of 1.5%; 3%; 5.5%, which was then tested for antibacterial activity on the nano-emulsion gel preparations of clove flower oil measured using a caliper and the diameter of the inhibition zone produced was recorded. Results: the results of the organoleptic research showed that the color was yellow, transparent and had a distinctive odor, homogeneity showed that there were no coarse particles, viscosity was still within the required range, pH showed that the pH was still within the required range of 4.5-6.5, particle size test was below 200 nm, cycling test showed that it was stable during storage at hot and cold temperatures for 6 cycles of P. acnes inhibitory clove flower oil nano-emulsion preparation with a concentration of 1.5%; 3%; 5.% respectively have resistance of 11.60 mm, 13.53 mm, 15.76 mm Conclusions: From the results of the research that has been carried out, it is concluded that clove flower oil can be formulated into a nano-emulsion gel preparation, is stable during cycling tests, and has a particle size below 200 nm. Nano-emulsion gel formulations have the greatest antibacterial activity compared to emulsion gel formulations.

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“…Particle size testing is carried out to determine the size of the globules formed in nanoemulgel and elmulgel. 16…”

Section: Particle Size Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation and effectiveness test of clove flower oil (Syzygium aromaticum L.) nanoemulsigel preparations against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria

Sembiring,

Reveny,

Dalimunthe

2023

Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol

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“…Verma and Easwari reported that 1% Carbopol hydrogel interconnected pores with different sizes that can be quite helpful in drug loading and faster drug release. 38 Thus the gel part of formulation was made using the left-out water (22%) with 1% w/v of Carbopol 934 as the gelling agent. TNL was integrated with the gel base by 10 min mixing.…”

Section: Tetrahydro Curcumin Nanoemulgel (Tnlcg) Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoemulgel Formulation of Tetrahydrocurcumin with Efficient Anti-inflammatory Effect for the Treatment of Skin Disorders

Sharma

2023

Ind. J. Pharm. Edu. Res.

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Introduction: Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is a partially reduced white metabolite of curcumin which does not impart yellowish colour on skin due to which it seemed to be a promising topical agent compared to curcumin which discoloured the skin with long lasting visible mark. Objectives: The research work was intended to formulate THC loaded Nano Lipid-based (TNL) Carbopol Gum Gel (TNLCG) also called tetrahydro curcumin nanoemulgel and to investigate its therapeutic efficacy against inflammation using animal model. Materials and Methods: TNLCG was prepared based on pseudoternary phase-diagram with solubilizing capacity of tocopheryl acetate (10% w/w) and emulsifying combination of tween 80: polyethylene-glycol 400 (2:1 in 35% w/w) in 45% w/w aqueous phase with Carbopol 934 gel base. Selected formulations were evaluated for various parameters using in-house developed HPLC analytical method (at 280nm). Results: Nanoemulgel was found to be a stable formulation which significantly improved cellular absorbency with tocopheryl acetate with high concentration of THC for treating skin inflammation. Significant increase in the steady state flux (Jss) of 41µg/cm 2 /h, permeability coefficient (Kp) of 1.08 and Enhancement ratio (Er) of 3.7 were observed. The TNLCG demonstrated 77.36% in vitro drug release, significant skin permeability and optimal properties including spherical shape with 129nm nanosize, adequate zeta potential (-21.45mV), and PDI value of 0.18. Conclusion: This study revealed encouraging outcomes for TNLCG formulation as a novel tool for safe delivery of THC. According to the findings of the preceding research, it can be an effective therapeutic formulation which offers significant inflammation reducing activity with good moisturising quality.

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“…The treatment was repeated for 6 cycles and the phase separation was observed. Physical conditions after the experiment were compared with before the experiment [21].…”

Section: Physical Stability Study Of Nanoemulgel and Emulgelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation And Evaluation Of Nanoemulgel Clove Leaf Oil (Sygyzium Aromaticum) (L.) Merr & Perry As Anti-Acne

Dasawanti

Reveny

Sumaiyah

2022

International Journal of Science, Technology & Management

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Acne also known as acne vulgaris, is an inflammatory condition of the polysebaceous layer that is brought on by the buildup of keratin. Active oil glands under the skin cause acne. Androgen hormones function as a stimulant for this activity. Cloves are herbal plants that contain essential oil chemicals. The chemical composition of clove leaf oil is mainly composed of eugenol. Eugenol has pharmacological effects as antibacterial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory. Nanoemulsion is a nanocarrier that gets a lot of attention, because of its small particle size so that it can be thermodynamically stable and can increase drug penetration. Recent advances in nanoemulsion research have created new prospects in a number of industries, including pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, food, and cosmetics. This research was conducted by formulating clove leaf oil into nanoemulgel preparations, followed by evaluation of the preparations and testing of antibacterial activity against acne-causing bacteria. The result of the nanoemulgel formulation is yellow, smells of clove leaf oil, is transparent and homogeneous. Nanoemulgel viscosity 3434-3109 M.Pas, pH 6.15-6.41 and particle size 12.3-13.3 nm. Physical studies of nanoemulgel been carried out for three cycles and there is no change in color, change in odor and phase separation. The results of the antibacterial activity of Staphylococcus epidermidis at NEG1 12.03 mm, NEG2 16.93 mm, NEG3 18.96 mm and EG 18.03 mm. The results of the antibacterial activity of Propionibacterium acnes at NEG1 11.50 mm, NEG2 16.16 mm, NEG3 18.03 mm and EG 17.33 mm. The results of the study concluded that clove leaf oil nanoemulgel with a concentration of 7% was the best formula, because it is stable during storage and has the greatest antibacterial activity compared to emulgel.

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A Novel Approach of Leflunomide Nanoemulgel for Topical Drug Delivery System

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Formulation and effectiveness test of clove flower oil (Syzygium aromaticum L.) nanoemulsigel preparations against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria

Formulation and effectiveness test of clove flower oil (Syzygium aromaticum L.) nanoemulsigel preparations against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria

Nanoemulgel Formulation of Tetrahydrocurcumin with Efficient Anti-inflammatory Effect for the Treatment of Skin Disorders

Formulation And Evaluation Of Nanoemulgel Clove Leaf Oil (Sygyzium Aromaticum) (L.) Merr & Perry As Anti-Acne

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