A novel classical controller for automatic generation control in thermal and hydrothermal systems

Abstract

This paper presents automatic generation control (AGC) of interconnected two equal area thermal system, two equal area hydrothermal System and five unequal area thermal system. Thermal plants have single reheat turbines with generation rate constraints of 3% per minute. The hydro plant in hydrothermal system has electric governor and has generation rate constraints of 270% per minute for raising generation and 360% per minute for lowering generation. A novel classical controller based on Integral and Double Derivative control is used in AGC and its performance is compared to several other classical controllers such as Integral (I), Proportional-Integral (PI), Integral-Derivative (ID) and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers. Integral squared error (I.S.E) and Bacteria Foraging (BF) techniques are used for optimization. Investigations reveal on comparison that Integral (I), Proportional-Integral (PI), Integral-Derivative (ID) orProportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers all provide more or less same response where as Integral -Double Derivative (IDD) controller provides much better response. Further, the controller action can be optimally delayed to provide the best dynamic response.Index Terms-Automatic generation control, bacterial foraging technique, integral plus double derivative controller, speed regulation parameter.

Artificial Intelligence in Performance Analysis of Load Frequency Control in Thermal-Wind-Hydro Power Systems

“…The overall system performance is improved based on the control design of the system. As in [1,2,35], the integral controller reduces or eliminates the steady state error.…”

“…But practically maintaining the mentioned quantity/ parameters within the specified or nominal value is very complex as the load is continuously varied due to enormous growth in industries. In order to overcome this drawback power generating units are interconnected through tie-line [1][2][3][4][5][6]. During normal loading conditions each area carries its own load and keep the system parameters within the specified limit.…”

“…Several control techniques have been proposed for the LFC of power systems to keep the system parameters at their specified value during sudden and normal loading conditions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Literatures show that the system performance depends on both the employed controller and the selected objective function for tuning the controller parameters.…”

“…In addition, it is clearly shown that many control strategies have been developed for load frequency control/Automatic Generation control application through the past few years. Such control strategies are as: Parameter-plane technique [15], Lyapunov Technique [16], Continuous and Discrete mode Optimization [18], Optimal Control theory [19], Adaptive Controller [20], Variable Structure Control(VSC) [22], Decentralized controller [21], Conventional controller [23], Fuzzy Logic controller [5], Classical Controller [1], Integral Controller [1], Bat inspired algorithm (BID) [26], Beta Wavelet Neural Network (BWNN) [27], Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) [28], Firefly Algorithm [29], Cuckoo Search [30], on Multi Input The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section II, describes the proposed system modeling. The proper controller and the design analysis are presented in section III.…”

Automatic generation control of three area hydro-thermal power systems with electric and mechanical governor

“…Area1, area2 and area3 are thermal, thermal and hydro power system respectively. Fig.1 shows the simulink Automatic Generation Control (AGC) model of three area hydro-thermal power system [4], [5]. In practical, there exists a maximum and minimum limit on the rate of change in the generating power.…”