Automatic generation control of an interconnected CCGT-thermal system using stochastic fractal search optimized classical controllers

Abstract

Summary During the past few decades, frequency regulation of combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) has become an interesting issue of research. A larger power system model experiences many challenges when base‐loaded CCGT unit is incorporated in it. This article presents the load frequency regulation of CCGT model in conjunction with thermal units in an unequal 3‐area interconnected system. The control strategy of CCGT plant includes temperature and air flow controllers that are designed on the basis of minimization of area control error. The main drive of proposed control strategy is to successfully tackle the system dynamics during step and realistic load disturbances. The eigenvalues of proposed system commensurate with dynamic stability. A new metaheuristic algorithm known as stochastic fractal search has been applied for simultaneous optimization of classical controller (proportional [PI], proportional‐integral [PI] and proportional‐integral‐derivative [PID] gains, and other parameters such as governor speed regulation parameter [Ri], frequency bias [Bi]). Comprehensive simulations are performed to ensure stable system dynamics with easier and cheaper realization of governor, and higher values of Bi in respective areas and robustness of stochastic fractal search optimized PID controller.

Load Frequency Control Using Hybrid Intelligent Optimization Technique for Multi-Source Power Systems

“…They also considered GRC with nonlinearity in their work. Saha et al reported the use of stochastic fractional search algorithm for the LFC of MAPS that included a thermal power plant [37]. Raju et al reported the issue of LFC of MAPS with distributed generation resources, using a hybrid Ant-Lion Optimizer (ALO) pattern search optimization technique [38].…”

Coordinated regulation of voltage and load frequency in demand response supported biorenewable cogeneration‐based isolated hybrid microgrid with quasi‐oppositional selfish herd optimisation

“…Most of the literature on LFC studies reported so far had considered step-load perturbations, and few works reported with specific random load perturbation (RLP). 27,28 Since the net linear load (LL) demand variation (ΔP LL ) of hμG varies rapidly in a real-world scenario, hence a specific RLP pattern is instigated for 12 time slots of 10-second durations considering the monthly domestic metering of an average consumer in Bhubaneswar from January to December 2017, and listed in Table 1. Sometimes, nonlinearities are included in the system due to collective effects of some nonlinear loads, grid-tied-converters, and semiconductor-switching devices etc.…”

“…However, the coordinated frequency and voltage regulation of a 50‐Hz frequency‐based isolated hμG are unexplored so far. Again, most of the earlier works 27‐29 are focused on active power balance of a 60‐Hz–based system with ALFC, whereas this work focuses on apparent power balance introducing a novel integral square of weighted absolute error function (ISWAE). Hence, this work is motivated towards putting an earliest effort to study the performances of proposed (50‐Hz–based) hμG with PID controllers, using a novel QSHO algorithm.…”

Equilibrium optimizer‐tuned cascade fractional‐order 3DOF‐PID controller in load frequency control of power system having renewable energy resource integrated

“…The literature review discloses that numerous control techniques have been reported to take care of the LFC problem, such as self‐tuning based controller, 2 conventional controllers, 4‐12 fuzzy logic based controller, 13‐17 robust adaptive controller, 18 sliding mode controller, 19‐21 ANFIS based controller, 22 minimal‐order observer‐based controller, 23,24 and so on. A comprehensive state‐of‐the‐art on the LFC mechanism for power systems is reported in Reference 25.…”