A novel eye in 'eyeless' shrimp from hydrothermal vents of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Dover, Cindy Lee Van; Szuts, Ete Z.; Chamberlain, Steven C.; Cann, J. R.

doi:10.1038/337458a0

Cited by 95 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…exoculata possesses a non-imaging dorsal eye (Van Dover et al, 1989), which may serve as a photoreceptor for the faint light emitted from hydrothermal vents. Exposure to the highintensity floodlights of submersibles may irreversibly damage the photoreceptors of R.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of decadal-scale ecological change at a deep Mid-Atlantic hydrothermal vent and reproductive time-series in the shrimp Rimicaris exoculata

2007

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The reproductive pattern of R. exoculata was also examined by dissection and direct measurement of oocytes from females collected in September 1994 and November 2004, providing the first comparison of reproductive development in samples from different months for this species. There was no significant difference in oocyte size-frequency distributions of females collected in these samples, indicating a lack of seasonal reproduction in R. exoculata. INTRODUCTIONHydrothermal vents are highly dynamic, heterogeneous and ultimately ephemeral deep-sea environments. Vent organisms can experience variations in the temperature and chemistry of their environment on the timescale of seconds as a result of turbulent mixing of hydrothermal fluids and ambient seawater, typically overlaid on longer-period tidal variations. On longer timescales, volcanic events at mid-ocean ridges can disturb vent communities directly, while tectonic events can disrupt the subsurface plumbing of hydrothermal systems. As a consequence of the local variations in hydrothermal activity that result from such processes, temporal variation has been noted in the composition, abundance and distribution of megafauna at vents on subannual to interannual timescales.Hydrothermal vent communities were discovered in the eastern Pacific in the late 1970s and the longest ecological time-series are therefore available from those sites. Interannual variation has been noted in the distribution and abundance of megafauna at 13°N on the East Pacific Rise, related to an interruption in hydrothermal activity (Desbruyères, 1998).Expeditions to 9°N have recorded the early stages of vent community development following a volcanic eruption in 1991 that destroyed part of an established community, while community composition and venting patterns at 21°N demonstrate temporal stability at a decadal scale (Desbruyères, 1998). Meanwhile on the Galapagos Rift, decadal-scale variation has been noted in the vent community at Rose Garden despite an apparent lack of fluctuations in venting over the period of visits (Desbruyères, 1998), implying ecological change mediated by biological interactions.Hydrothermal vent communities were first observed on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in 1985 (Rona et al., 1986) and ecological studies of Mid-Atlantic vent communities have therefore lagged behind those of their eastern Pacific counterparts. At shallow (<2000 m) vent sites close to the Azores, long-term monitoring of communities dominated by the mussel Bathymodilus azoricus is underway, but there have been few studies of temporal variation at deeper vent systems further south on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Interannual temporal variation has been examined in faunal distributions at Broken Spur vent field (Copley et al., 1997) and subannual variation investigated at the TAG hydrothermal mound before and after drilling by the Ocean Drilling Program in 1995 (Copley et al., 1999). Anecdotal observations suggest interannual stability in community composition at the TAG hydrothermal mound (Gebruk et al., 19...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of decadal-scale ecological change at a deep Mid-Atlantic hydrothermal vent and reproductive time-series in the shrimp Rimicaris exoculata

2007

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“…It was suggested (Van Dover et al 1989) that these shrimps graze on free-living bacteria growing on the chelae and brush them off with modified mouthparts. The bacterial source of the food was demonstrated by carbon stableisotope analysis (6I3C = -11.6 to -12.1%0) and by lipopolysaccharide assays of shrimp gut content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of sulfide crystals in the gut was also reported. The role of symbiotic bacteria in shrimp feeding was thought not to be important (Van Dover et al 1989). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding specialization of bresiliid shrimps in the TAG site hydrothermal community

Gebruk¹,

Pimenov²,

Sawichev³

1993

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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It is argued that the Atlantic bresiliid shrimps Rimicaris exoculata and Chorocaris chacei from a hydrothermal community on the Mid-Atlantic h d g e feed on exosymbiotic bacteiia that form a dense covenng on their mouthparts and the inner surface of the carapace. The associated bacterial community includes different morphological forms and types and is full of sulfide crystals from black smokers. Mouthparts of Atlantic hydrothermal bresiliids are hypertrophied and densely covered with setae to enlarge the attachment surface for associated bacteria. SEM revealed 2 dormnant morphological types of filamentous bactena with trichome width 0.2 to 0.5 pm and 1 to 3 pm, with elemental sulfur inside the cells and with attaching disks; both forms resemble Thlothriv spp. The idea of a bacterial source of food for shrimp was strengthened by carbon stable-isotope analysis, which yielded FI3C = 1 0 . 5 to -12.5%. Presumably, the shnmps keep close to hydrothermal fluid to farm their bacterial symbionts in the moderate current with a low concentration of hydrogen sulfide. The assayed level of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity in the bacterial community is low (2.2 pm01 min.' g-' protein), indicating dom~nance of heterotrophic forms among symbionts. The source of pnmary production in the vent community is discussed.

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“…This shrimp, Rimicaris exoculata, which lives in swarms on the sides of sulfide chimneys was first described by Williams and Rona [1986]. Despite the fact that this species of vent shrimp lacks normal eyes and eyestalks (hence the name exoculata -Latin, meaning "without eyes"), it is capable of detecting light with large paired photoreceptors located beneath the transparent carapace on the shrimp's dorsal side [Van Dover et al, 1989] (Figure 1.3A). These "eyes" (apparently derived from normal shrimp eyes) are uniquely adapted to detect very low levels of light by maximizing photon absorption.…”

Section: Discovery Of Vent Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This species of shrimp is found only at vents on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) and their eyes absorb maximally at 500 nm [Van Dover et at., 1989]. Only Pacific vents were imaged with the ALISS camera system, and none showed consistent, significant light emission at 500 nm.…”

Section: Ambient Imaging Of Vents At Tag Hydrothermal Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation into the characteristics and sources of light emission at deep-sea hydrothermal vents

White¹

2000

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A novel eye in 'eyeless' shrimp from hydrothermal vents of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Cited by 95 publications

References 19 publications

Assessment of decadal-scale ecological change at a deep Mid-Atlantic hydrothermal vent and reproductive time-series in the shrimp Rimicaris exoculata

Assessment of decadal-scale ecological change at a deep Mid-Atlantic hydrothermal vent and reproductive time-series in the shrimp Rimicaris exoculata

Feeding specialization of bresiliid shrimps in the TAG site hydrothermal community

An investigation into the characteristics and sources of light emission at deep-sea hydrothermal vents

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