A novel green phosphorus-containing flame retardant finishing on polysaccharide-modified polyamide 66 fabric for improving hydrophilicity and durability

Rahman, Mohammad Ziaur; Wang, Xin; Song, Lei; Hu, Yuan

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124252

Cited by 19 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Although physical blending is the simplest method, the retardants readily migrate out when in use [ 7 ]. Chemical grafting of a flame retardant via different methods onto the fabric surface can improve thermal stability [ 8 , 9 ]. For example, covalent linkage of acrylamide (AM) with polyamide 66 (PA66) through chemical grafting [ 10 ], covalent grafting of phosphorus-containing acrylate on cellulose by argon plasma induction [ 11 ] or covalent modification of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) by ultraviolet induction [ 12 ] can ameliorate the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and peak heat release rate (pHRR) by altering the compact packing energy of local chains during crystallization [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Cross-Linking Network Coating for the Flame Retardant of Bio-Based Polyamide 56 Fabric by Weak Bonds

Cui,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Weak bonds usually make macromolecules stronger; therefore, they are often used to enhance the mechanical strength of polymers. Not enough studies have been reported on the use of weak bonds in flame retardants. A water-soluble polyelectrolyte complex composed of polyethyleneimine (PEI), sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and melamine (MEL) was designed and utilized to treat bio-based polyamide 56 (PA56) by a simple three-step process. It was found that weak bonds cross-linked the three compounds to a 3D network structure with MEL on the surface of the coating under mild conditions. The thermal stability and flame retardancy of PA56 fabrics were improved by the controlled coating without losing their mechanical properties. After washing 50 times, PA56 still kept good flame retardancy. The cross-linking network structure of the flame retardant enhanced both the thermal stability and durability of the fabric. STPP acted as a catalyst for the breakage of the PA56 molecular chain, PEI facilitated the char formation and MEL released non-combustible gases. The synergistic effect of all compounds was exploited by using weak bonds. This simple method of developing structures with 3D cross-linking using weak bonds provides a new strategy for the preparation of low-cost and environmentally friendly flame retardants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Cross-Linking Network Coating for the Flame Retardant of Bio-Based Polyamide 56 Fabric by Weak Bonds

Cui,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Polymers

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show abstract

“…[28][29][30] In recent years, phosphorus-containing flame retardants and nitrogen-containing flame retardants have garnered recognition as highly effective agents for enhancing flame retardancy. [31][32][33][34] Phosphorus-containing flame retardants primarily operate in the condensed phase by catalyzing the formation of char, which serves as a protective barrier. In contrast, nitrogen-containing flame retardants operate in the gas phase by releasing inert gases like N 2 and NH 3 , which serve to dilute the combustible gases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient synthesis of phosphorus containing melamine salt for enhancing flame retardancy of poly(lactic acid)/polyamide 11 blends

Jiang,

Chang,

Pan

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A tetrakis (melamine)‐1‐hydroxyethylidene‐1,1‐diphosphonic acid salt (EA‐MEL) was synthesized by a straightforward acid–base neutralization reaction between 1‐hydroxyethylidene‐1,1‐diphosphonic acid (EA) and melamine (MEL). This compound, which contains phosphorus and nitrogen elements, exhibits a 40% carbon residue at a temperature of 800°C. When combined with diethyl aluminium hypophosphite (OP1230) as a flame‐retardant composite in polylactic acid (PLA)/polyamide 11 blends through melt blending, a synergistic effect between the two flame retardants is observed. Consequently, the limiting oxygen index value significantly increases to 34.3, showcasing a remarkable 64.6% improvement. Additionally, the material achieves a V‐0 rating according to UL‐94 standards, and the peak heat release rate drops to 269 kW∙m−2 with the addition of just 5 wt% EA–MEL. These results demonstrate that EA‐MEL and OP1230 contribute to the generation of phosphoric acid derivatives and the formation of a crosslinked (PN)n or (PON)n network. This network enables the formation of a complete, compact, and expanded char residue, effectively isolating heat and oxygen.

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Key Process Control for Synthesizing High‐Performance Inherently Flame‐Retardant Long‐Chain Bio‐Based Polyamide

Zhang,

Cao,

Zhao

et al. 2024

ChemPlusChem

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Long‐chain bio‐based polyamide has shown promising development prospects due to its excellent properties and green renewable characteristics; however, synthesizing inherently flame‐retardant long‐chain bio‐based polyamide remains a big challenge due to the lack of effective knowledge of the key polymerization process. Herein, intrinsicly flame‐retardant long‐chain bio‐based polyamide 512 (PA512) was synthesized in the presence of a reactive flame retardant with high thermal stability and good water solubility. The reaction conditions and existing problems in each stage of the copolymerization system have been clarified and optimized. By utilizing a two‐step pre‐polymerization approach, a series of intrinsicly flame‐retardant PA512 (FRPA512) with large molecular weight, high phosphorus element content and good mechanical properties were obtained. More importantly, the prepared FRPA512 with 5wt% flame retardant loading exhibited good flame retardancy, showing a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 28.1% and a vertical burning rating of V‐0. This study provides a feasible solution to the common problem in the synthesis of flame‐retardant polyamides, while also offering new insights for future modification of polyamide copolymerization.

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A novel green phosphorus-containing flame retardant finishing on polysaccharide-modified polyamide 66 fabric for improving hydrophilicity and durability

Cited by 19 publications

References 40 publications

Three-Dimensional Cross-Linking Network Coating for the Flame Retardant of Bio-Based Polyamide 56 Fabric by Weak Bonds

Three-Dimensional Cross-Linking Network Coating for the Flame Retardant of Bio-Based Polyamide 56 Fabric by Weak Bonds

Efficient synthesis of phosphorus containing melamine salt for enhancing flame retardancy of poly(lactic acid)/polyamide 11 blends

Key Process Control for Synthesizing High‐Performance Inherently Flame‐Retardant Long‐Chain Bio‐Based Polyamide

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