A Novel Intrabody Communication Transceiver for Biomedical Applications

Seyedi, MirHojjat; Lai, Daniel T. H.

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-2824-3

Cited by 20 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…Lower the termination resistance, higher the pole frequency, more the effect on low frequency measurements ( Figure 16). Majority of the measurements in previous literature [6], [7], [11], [15] has been carried out with network analyzers or spectrum analyzers, which has 50Ω input impedance. This results in pessimistic measurement of channel loss.…”

Section: B Desired: High Impedance Terminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Physical Modeling, Characterization, and Optimization of Electro-Quasistatic Human Body Communication

Maity

He²,

Nath³

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

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Human Body Communication (HBC) has emerged as an alternative to radio wave communication for connecting low power, miniaturized wearable and implantable devices in, on and around the human body. HBC uses the human body as the communication channel between on-body devices. Previous studies characterizing the human body channel has reported widely varying channel response much of which has been attributed to the variation in measurement setup. This calls for the development of a unifying bio-physical model of HBC supported by in-depth analysis and an understanding of the effect of excitation, termination modality on HBC measurements. This paper characterizes the human body channel up to 1MHz frequency to evaluate it as a medium for broadband communication. A lumped bio-physical model of HBC is developed, supported by experimental validations that provides insight into some of the key discrepancies found in previous studies. Voltage loss measurements are carried out both with an oscilloscope and a miniaturized wearable prototype to capture the effects of noncommon ground. Results show that the channel loss is strongly dependent on the termination impedance at the receiver end, with up to 4dB variation in average loss for different termination in an oscilloscope and an additional 9 dB channel loss with wearable prototype compared to an oscilloscope measurement. The measured channel response with capacitive termination reduces low-frequency loss and allows flat-band transfer function down to 13 KHz, establishing the human body as a broadband communication channel. Analysis of the measured results and the simulation model shows that instruments with 50Ω termination impedance (Vector Network Analyzer, Spectrum Analyzer) provides pessimistic estimation of channel loss at low frequencies. Instead (1) high impedance (2) capacitive termination should be used at the receiver end for accurate voltage mode loss measurements of the HBC channel at low frequencies. The experimentally validated bio-physical model shows that capacitive voltage mode termination can improve the low frequency loss by up to 50dB, which helps broadband communication significantly.

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Section: B Desired: High Impedance Terminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Physical Modeling, Characterization, and Optimization of Electro-Quasistatic Human Body Communication

Maity

He²,

Nath³

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

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“…A testbed has been implemented with a complex programmable logic device (CPLD) containing the digital signal processing modules of the transmitter, as well as the analog units and a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) at the receiver for the digital demodulation [4]. Recently, a baseband transmission has been implemented in a FPGA board, which uses impulse radio (IR) with a pulse position modulation (PPM) [8]. A testbed is designed in [9] which uses two universal software radio peripherals (USRPs), one at the transmitter and the other at the receiver, respectively, with low frequency daughterboards.…”

Section: Ii-bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• the proposed architecture shows high flexibility since all the parameters may be changed in the PC control panel, such as the sampling frequency, or in the Matlab programs (for example carrier frequency and modulation order) thus allowing a quick evaluation of the resulting effects; • the testbed, although simple, implements specific PHY methods, including frequency, phase and time recovery, able to achieve almost error free intra-body communication, while existing test systems only obtain a bit error rate (BER) in the range of 10 −3 and 10 −6 [3], [8], [9]; • extensive experimental tests are conducted with a real chicken tissue in different environmental conditions. The significance of this experimental study is that we are able to achieve almost error free communication, mainly due to the developed carrier frequency recovery scheme, that translates in a robust and reliable communication, a valuable result in medical applications [11].…”

Section: B Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ECA model provides an easy transfer function with accurate gain calculation, and is valid for a large frequency range. Several ECA methods study single tissue layer, such as [1], [7], [8], while a more recent analytical model is developed that evaluates a multi-layered tissue in three dimensions to accurately reflect the tissue heterogeneity, and is validated through finite element simulations [6]. Indeed, human body is composed of multiple tissues with different signal propagation characteristics.…”

Section: Gc Channel Model For the Human Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, all the developed test systems need specific hardware and software and exhibit low flexibility, resulting in GC platforms not easily replicable to carry out experiments. Moreover, the existing test system are able to achieve adequate BER up to 10 −6 [3], [8], [9], although none of them obtains error free performance as desirable in medical applications [11].…”

Section: Current Gc Testbedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PHY Design and Implementation of a Galvanic Coupling Testbed for Intra-Body Communication Links

et al. 2020

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Intra-body communication (IBC) is a novel key research area that will foster personalized medicine by allowing in situ and real time monitoring in daily life. In this work, the energy efficient galvanic coupling (GC) technology is used to send data through intra-body links. A novel sound card-based GC testbed is designed and implemented, whose main features are: (i) low equipment requirements since it only employs two ordinary PCs with sound card support and Matlab software, (ii) high flexibility since all the parameters setting may be easily modified through the PC control panel and Matlab programs, (iii) real time physiological data transmissions, and (iv) almost error free communication by developing specific physical (PHY) layer techniques, which are implemented and tested with a real chicken tissue in the experimental evaluation. A signal to noise ratio (SNR) calculation is also proposed with the twofold purpose to be used for frequency offset compensation and as metric to evaluate the proposed architecture. The developed GC testbed may be easily replicated by the interested research community to carry out simulation-based experiments, thus fostering new research in this field. Moreover, the Matlab source code of the proposed GC transceiver is freely available online on Code Ocean.

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Disruptive, Soft, Wearable Sensors

et al. 2019

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www.advmat.de www.advancedsciencenews.com Such soft wearable devices will be lightweight and thin, soft, and elastic, inexpensive, and durable. These devices will be skinattachable, flexible, stretchable, bendable and twistable whilst maintaining excellent sensing performances. Such disruptive WT products will ultimately transform current rigid wearable 1.0 to future wearable 2.0 products (Figure 1), enabling sensitive, accurate yet specific health monitoring anytime and anywhere.While the disruptive soft WT is still in the embryonic stage of development, there have been intensive worldwide materials [1c,8] push with a purpose to develop thinner, softer, ideally invisible and unfeelable electronics. [9] Unlike wearable 1.0 which typically starts from device, wearable 2.0 requires the design starts from materials innovation. In this context, novel structural design and the use of novel materials are the two viable strategies. [1b,10] For the former, serpentine design and prestrained treatment enable the stretchabilities; [11] as for the later, various nanomaterials including silver nanowires, [12] gold nanowires, [13] carbon nanotubes, [14] and graphene [15] have been widely explored.A typical soft WT research covers comprehensively all the key components in progressive sequences, namely, wear → sense → communicate → analyze → interpret → decide (Figure 2). This requires multidisciplinary collaborations across interdisciplinary boundaries. As a starting point, wearable materials should be designed to consider factors such as in soft/hard material interface, breathability, biocompatibility, etc. Then wearable sensors may be fabricated and evaluated with regards to key parameters including sensitivity, specificity, reusability, and durability. Once the sensors' performances have been fully evaluated, their integration with wireless modules such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) or wireless fidelity (WIFI) needs to be considered. One of key limitations is the wearable powering solution. It is encouraging to see the commercial products of paper lithium battery and development of soft energy devices in academia. [16] In addition to hardware, designing user-friendly graphical user interfaces (GUIs) is necessary and the development of suitable apps is important for seamless data acquisition of timelapsed biometric signals in a wireless manner. The signals will be then analyzed and interpreted, enabling efficient algorithm for rapid signal processing and decision support. The analysis of electrical signals will help understand and predict the relationship between biometric data and sensing signals generated by soft wearable materials. This will allow us to understand the key parameters related to biological conditions such as cardiac health, [17] sporting activities, [18] and aged care behaviors. [19] Here, we discuss all of the above key aspects of next-generation of disruptive soft wearable technologies but with a focus on materials aspect. Nevertheless, it also emphasizes the significance of cross-disciplinary colla...

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A Novel Intrabody Communication Transceiver for Biomedical Applications

Cited by 20 publications

References 82 publications

Bio-Physical Modeling, Characterization, and Optimization of Electro-Quasistatic Human Body Communication

Bio-Physical Modeling, Characterization, and Optimization of Electro-Quasistatic Human Body Communication

PHY Design and Implementation of a Galvanic Coupling Testbed for Intra-Body Communication Links

Disruptive, Soft, Wearable Sensors

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