A novel multi-band and multi-generation (2G, 3G,4G, and 5G) 9-elements MIMO antenna system for 5G smartphone applications

Ullah, Rizwan; Ullah, Sadiq; Faisal, Farooq; Ullah, Raza; Mabrouk, Ismail Ben; Al‐Hasan, Muath; Kamal, Babar

doi:10.1007/s11276-021-02772-2

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…It can also be observed from Figure 11 that at some angles the level of X-pol patterns is high, which may be the effect of higher-order modes. Version June 9, 2022 submitted to Journal Not Specified ECC illustrates how well radiating elements in an array are isolated [12,16]. It can be calculated by using the expression given in [12].…”

Section: Fabrication and Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This value is close to the ideal eight-element CC, which is equal to 44 bps/Hz [17] (see Figure 12b). Mathematically, the ergodic channel capacity can be calculated using the equation presented in [16]. Please note that the CC of the suggested antenna is computed by averaging the ten thousand Rayleigh fading observations at a SNR of 20 dB [18].…”

Section: Fabrication and Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the data in the table, one can observe that the value of MEG is less than 1 dB. ECC illustrates how well radiating elements in an array are isolated [12,16]. It can be calculated by using the expression given in [12].…”

Section: Diversity Performance Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Performance Eight-Port Dual-Band MIMO Antenna System for 5G Devices

et al. 2022

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This study provides an eight-component multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna architecture for fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication systems. The single antenna element is comprised of an L-shaped radiating component, an L-shaped parasitic element, and a ground plane with a rectangular slot. The main element with a slot-loaded ground plane helps to draw current from a coaxial feed from the other side of the board, while the parasitic element helps to elongate the current path and improve the impedance of the system. This enables the system to radiate at two different frequency ranges: 3.34–3.7 GHz and 4.67–5.08 GHz, with 360 MHz and 410 MHz bandwidths, respectively. For MIMO configuration, the radiating elements are designed on either side of a 0.8 mm thick FR-4 substrate, allowing space to accommodate a battery, radio frequency (RF) systems and subsystems, and camera and sensor modules. The corner and the middle elements are arranged in such a manner so that they can provide spatial and pattern diversity. Furthermore, at least 12 dB of isolation is established between any two radiating elements. Various MIMO performance parameters were evaluated, e.g., mean effective gain (MEG), channel capacity (CC), envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), realized gain, far-field characteristics, and efficiency. Single- and double-hand mode evaluations were performed to further demonstrate the capability of the proposed MIMO antenna. A prototype of the proposed MIMO antenna was manufactured and assessed to verify the simulated data. The measured and simulated results were found to be in good agreement. On the basis of its performance characteristics, the designed MIMO system could be used in 5G communication systems.

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Section: Fabrication and Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fabrication and Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Performance Eight-Port Dual-Band MIMO Antenna System for 5G Devices

et al. 2022

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“…ECC illustrates how well radiating elements in an array are isolated [24], [25]. It can be calculated by using the expression given in [26], [27]: where S i and S j represents far-field radiation characteristics of port i and port j.…”

Section: A Envelope Correlation Coefficient (Ecc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mathematically, the ergodic channel capacity can be calculated using the equation presented in [25]. For the proposed MIMO antenna, the value of CC lies in the range of 36-41 bps/Hz for both the frequency bands, as shown in Figure 17.…”

Section: Channel Capacity (Cc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

H-Shaped Eight-Element Dual-Band MIMO Antenna for Sub-6 GHz 5G Smartphone Applications

et al. 2022

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The design of an eight-element H-shaped dual-band multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system for sub-6 GHz fifth-generation (5G) smartphone applications is presented in this work. The radiating elements are designed on the side edge frame of the smartphone, placed on both sides of the main printed circuit board (PCB). Each side edge consists of four radiating elements, which ensures low mutual coupling between antenna elements. The total size of the main PCB is 150×75 mm 2 , while the size of the side edge frame is 150×7 mm 2 . A single antenna consists of an H-shaped radiating element fed using a 50Ω microstrip feeding line designed on the main board of the smartphone. The results show that, according to -6 dB impedance bandwidth criteria, the designed MIMO antenna radiates at two different frequency ranges within the allocated FCC 5G spectrums, i.e., 3.1-3.78 GHz and 5.43-6.21 GHz with 680 MHz and 780 MHz bandwidths, respectively. It is also observed that the antenna elements are able to provide spatial and pattern diversity for both the frequency bands. Furthermore, an isolation of >12 dB is observed between any two given radiating elements. Various MIMO key performance parameters are evaluated, such as channel capacity (CC), envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), and diversity gain (DG). A prototype is fabricated and measured, and it is found that the measured and simulated results are in good agreement. Based on performance attributes, it can be said that the proposed MIMO system may find its application in 5G communication systems.

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Novel reconfigurable monopole‐based matching circuitry design for 5G and modern wireless communication systems

Kamel

Jalal

2022

Int J Communication

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In this paper, a design of a reconfigurable printed antenna circuitry for 5G portable devices is proposed based on a miniaturized structure. Thus, the proposed antenna is structured as a printed circuit monopole with a coplanar waveguide port (CWP). The ground proposed CWP is designed as an L-shaped reflector in order to increase the directivity of the proposed antenna toward a certain direction. A matching circuitry based on a fractal Minkowski structure of the first order is inductively attached to the antenna design to increase the antenna bandwidth. To control the antenna performance, the matching circuit is connected to the L-shaped reflector through four PIN diodes. The effects of different switching scenarios on the antenna performance are tested numerically and experimentally for validation. It is found that when all diodes are switched ON, such antenna shows two frequency bands, S 11 < À10 dB, from 3.5 to 3.7 GHz and from 5.08 to 6.9 GHz. Nevertheless, the antenna gain is found to be about 3.47 dBi at 3.6 GHz and 3.69 dBi around 5.1 GHz. The other switching scenarios are tested and presented in this work. It is observed that the PIN diodes' switching affects significantly on the antenna directivity and the radiation patterns. The antenna performance is parametrically analyzed using CST MWS based on a numerical technique and based on an analytical circuit model. The proposed antenna is fabricated and tested to be compared against the theoretical results. An excellent agreement was obtained between the simulated and measured results.

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A novel multi-band and multi-generation (2G, 3G,4G, and 5G) 9-elements MIMO antenna system for 5G smartphone applications

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

High Performance Eight-Port Dual-Band MIMO Antenna System for 5G Devices

High Performance Eight-Port Dual-Band MIMO Antenna System for 5G Devices

H-Shaped Eight-Element Dual-Band MIMO Antenna for Sub-6 GHz 5G Smartphone Applications

Novel reconfigurable monopole‐based matching circuitry design for 5G and modern wireless communication systems

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