“…The intelligent behavior of the individual search agent in the swarm and the combination of these behaviors offer these kinds an advantage over other algorithms in achieving the global optima. The most widely used swarm algorithms are as follows: particle swarm optimization (PSO), 19 mothflame optimization algorithm (MFO), 20 social spider optimization (SSO), 21 grey wolf optimizer (GWO), 22 artificial bee colony (ABC), 23 grasshoppers optimization algorithm (GOA), 24 border collie optimization (BCO), 11 whale optimization algorithm (WOA), 13 salp swarm algorithm (SSA), 25 Harris hawk optimization (HHO), 26 bear smell search algorithm BSSA, 27 bonobo optimizer (BO), 28 moth search algorithm (MSA), 29 hunger games search (HGS), 30 colony predation algorithm (CPA), 31 and monarch butterfly optimization (MBO). 32 Physical-based algorithms exploit the occurrence of physical phenomena to execute the optimization paradigm, as follows: atom search optimization (ASO), 33 simulated annealings (SA), 34 water cycle algorithm (WCA), 35 gravitational search optimization algorithm (GSA), 36 water evaporation optimization (WEO), 37 lightning search algorithm (LSA), 38 equilibrium Optimizer (EO), 39 and artificial ecosystem-based optimization (AEO), 10 and slime mold algorithm (SMA).…”