A novel optical technology based on 690 nm and 850 nm wavelengths to assist needle thoracostomy

Abstract

The sensitivity of pneumothorax diagnosis via handheld ultrasound is low, and there is no equipment suitable for use with life-threatening tension pneumothorax in a prehospital setting. This study proposes a novel technology involving optical fibers and near-infrared spectroscopy to assist in needle thoracostomy decompression. The proposed system via the optical fibers emitted dual wavelengths of 690 and 850 nm, allowing distinction among different layers of tissue in vivo. The fundamental principle is the modified Beer–Lambert law (MBLL) which is the basis of near-infrared tissue spectroscopy. Changes in optical density corresponding to different wavelengths (690 and 850 nm) and hemoglobin parameters (levels of Hb and HbO2) were examined. The Kruskal–Wallis H test was used to compare the differences in parameter estimates among tissue layers; all p-values were < 0.001 relevant to 690 nm and 850 nm. In comparisons of Hb and HbO2 levels relative to those observed in the vein and artery, all p-values were also < 0.001. This study proposes a new optical probe to assist needle thoracostomy in a swine model. Different types of tissue can be identified by changes in optical density and hemoglobin parameters. The aid of the proposed system may yield fewer complications and a higher success rate in needle thoracostomy procedures.

Intelligent Headband System for Evaluating Rehabilitation Effectiveness

“…It consists mainly of an optical headband and smart platform. The development of this system was based on the results of our own and other research [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], including some design and verification aspects that increase the reliability and safety of the NIRS technique used in the proposed system. The optical headband monitors changes in hemoglobin parameters during exercise by emitting multiple wavelengths of NIR light toward the brain and receiving the light reflected by the tissue.…”

“…Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), which is widely used to noninvasively observe structural and compositional changes in human tissues according to changes in the optical intensity at multiple wavelengths [12], [13], may exhibit potential in many clinical applications [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]. Specifically, its noninvasive measurement of blood flow may be promising for evaluating brain recovery after stroke.…”