A Novel Petri Nets-Based Modeling Method for the Interaction between the Sensor and the Geographic Environment in Emerging Sensor Networks

Zhang, Feng; Xu, Yaobo; Chou, Jarong

doi:10.3390/s16101571

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Likewise Mashal et al (2016) present the use of graph-based approaches in recommendation systems for the IoT. Zhang et al (2016) demonstrate the use of Petri nets to model interactions between the sensors and the environment.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the internet of things: a hybrid modeling approach using complex networks and agent-based models

Batool¹,

Niazi

2017

Complex Adapt Syst Model

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We live in a time where electronic gadgets and integrated sensors are all around usfrom versatile Smartphones and tablets to portable PCs, and from indoor temperature regulators to microwave ovens. We live in a new world-a world of smart*-where intelligence and connectivity is added to every conceivable object. The vision of the internet of things (IoT) by Ashton (2009) appears to have manifested itself-albeit in unexpected ways. This emergence of the IoT in our everyday lives obviously has numerous implications resulting in a very different environment and society. Considering that the IoT concept is itself quite new, it is understandable that it is difficult to model. Researchers from the communication systems area often focus primarily Abstract Sensors, coupled with transceivers, have quickly evolved from technologies purely confined to laboratory test beds to workable solutions used across the globe. These mobile and connected devices form the nuts and bolts required to fulfill the vision of the so-called internet of things (IoT). This idea has evolved as a result of proliferation of electronic gadgets fitted with sensors and often being uniquely identifiable (possible with technological solutions such as the use of Radio Frequency Identifiers). While there is a growing need for comprehensive modeling paradigms as well as example case studies for the IoT, currently there is no standard methodology available for modeling such real-world complex IoT-based scenarios. Here, using a combination of complex networks-based and agent-based modeling approaches, we present a novel approach to modeling the IoT. Specifically, the proposed approach uses the Cognitive Agent-Based Computing (CABC) framework to simulate complex IoT networks. We demonstrate modeling of several standard complex network topologies such as lattice, random, small-world, and scale-free networks. To further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we also present a case study and a novel algorithm for autonomous monitoring of power consumption in networked IoT devices. We also discuss and compare the presented approach with previous approaches to modeling. Extensive simulation experiments using several network configurations demonstrate the effectiveness and viability of the proposed approach.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the internet of things: a hybrid modeling approach using complex networks and agent-based models

Batool¹,

Niazi

2017

Complex Adapt Syst Model

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“…The Coloured Petri Nets based approach is explored recently for verifying different domain use cases ranging from the Internet of Things (IoT) to critical infrastructure like a nuclear power plant. In [16], CPN based modelling was done for GIS-oriented IoT services. Security analysis of Modbus protocol with CPN based formal analysis performed in [17].…”

Section: Coloured Petri Net (Cpn) Based Formal Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Control Systems Honeypot: A Formal Analysis of Conpot

Gokhale¹,

Dalvi²,

Siddavatam³

2021

IJCNIS

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Technologies used in ICS and Smart Grid are overlapping. The most discussed attacks on ICSs are Stuxnet and Black energy malware. The anatomy of these attacks not only pointed out that the security of ICS is of prime concern but also demanded to execute a proactive approach in practicing ICS security. Honeypot is used to implement defensive measures for security. The Honeynet group released Honeypot for ICS labelled as Conpot in 2013. Though the Conpot is low interactive Honeypot, it emulates processes of different cyber-physical systems, typically Smart Grid. In the literature, the effectiveness of Honeypot operations was studied by challenging limitations of the existing setup or proposing new variants. Similar approaches are followed for Conpot evaluation. However, none of the work addressed a formal verification method to verify the engagement of Honeypot, and this makes the presented work unique. For proposed work, Coloured Petri Net (CPN) tool is used for formal verification of Conpot. The variants of Conpot are modelled, including initial state model, deadlock state model and livelock model. Further evaluation of these models based on state space analysis results confirmed that Conpot could lure an attacker by engaging him in an infinite loop and thereby limiting the scope of the attacker from exploring and damaging the real-time systems or services. However, in the deadlock state, the attacker’s activity in the conpot will be restricted and will be unable to proceed further as the conpot model incorporates deadlock loop.

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“…There are experiences of combining GIS with IoT technologies, but these do not go beyond the obvious mapping and inventory of IoT devices in the city. A good and clear example of the current experiences in mapping the IoT devices in a GIS support is the Petri-Nets Modelling Method (Zhang et al 2016) where IoT devices are indexed as sensing and controlling entities reporting on the geographical body they reside. However, no experiences have been found yet on the GIS mapping of data captured by IoT; this would, however, require the addition of both dynamic maps and symbology capabilities.…”

Section: Transforming Urban Policies Into Urban Planning Interventions: (1)-(2) Towards Policies-actuated-planning (Pap)mentioning

confidence: 99%

How to succeed in implementing (smart) sustainable urban Agendas: “keep cities smart, make communities intelligent”

Marsal-Llacuna¹

2018

Environ Dev Sustain

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United Nations-Habitat New Urban Agenda and European Union's Urban Agenda are today's international Agendas safeguarding sustainability of our cities and communities. Although in different ways, these Agendas also incorporate "smart" concepts and therefore acknowledge the important role that technology plays, especially in both delivery and implementation. However, although the incorporation of the technological element, Agenda's sustainable policies have poor adoption and this is due to the lack of executive instruments to help their implementation. In this research, the Author proposes a novel technologically enabled executive function to better succeed in the implementation of Agendas, the so-called Policies-Actuated-Planning (PAP), and an executive instrument, the Actuators. Differently from existing Actuators that leverage on the Internet-of-Things to trigger a function on a given urban device, the proposed Actuators put a policy at work through the technological execution of urban planning interventions. Hence, the name Policies-Actuated-Planning (PAP) is given. Moreover, Actuators constitute a novel accountability system to measure the performance in the implementation of policies since they offer pioneering qualitative monitoring functionalities. Finally, to mention that the PAP relies on Author's several times published Intelligenter Method, which is based on a bottom-up, collaborative and holistic-systemic approach to complex systems. The use of Intelligenter Method principles results in Actuator's technologically enabled execution of city policies implemented at the lowest possible level, the community.

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A Novel Petri Nets-Based Modeling Method for the Interaction between the Sensor and the Geographic Environment in Emerging Sensor Networks

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

Modeling the internet of things: a hybrid modeling approach using complex networks and agent-based models

Modeling the internet of things: a hybrid modeling approach using complex networks and agent-based models

Industrial Control Systems Honeypot: A Formal Analysis of Conpot

How to succeed in implementing (smart) sustainable urban Agendas: “keep cities smart, make communities intelligent”

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