A Novel Porous Gelatin Composite Containing Naringin for Bone Repair

Abstract

As Gu-Sui-Bu (GSB) is a commonly used Chinese medical herb for therapeutic treatment of bone-related diseases, naringin is its main active component. This study elucidates how various concentrations of naringin solution affect the activities of bone cells, based on colorimetric, alkaline phosphatase activity, nodule formation, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity assays to determine the optimal concentration of naringin. GGT composite was obtained by combining genipin cross-linked gelatin and β-tricalcium phosphate. GGTN composite was prepared by mixing GGT composite with the predetermined concentration of naringin. Porous GGT and GGTN composites were then made using a salt-leaching procedure. The potential of the composites in repairing bone defects was evaluated and compared in vivo by using the biological response of rabbit calvarial bone to these composites. Consequently, the most effective concentration of naringin was 10 mg/mL, which significantly enhanced the proliferation of osteoblasts, osteoclast activity, and nodule formation without affecting the alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblasts and mitochondrial activity of mixed-bone cells. Radiographic analysis revealed greater new bone ingrowth in the GGTN composite than in the GGT composite at the same implantation time. Therefore, the GGTN composite is highly promising for use as a bone graft material.

Therapeutic potential of naringin: an overview

“…The most effective concentrations were 1 and 10 lg/mL; at these levels naringin significantly improved osteoblastic cell differentiation by 50% (Chen et al 2013).…”

“…The abilities of GGT and GGTN to repair bone defects were then evaluated. Radiographic analysis revealed greater new bone in-growth with the GGTN composite group compared with the GGT composite group at the same implantation time point (Chen et al 2013). Naringin has also been incorporated into electrospun nanoscaffolds containing poly (e-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly (e-caprolactone) (PEG-b-PCL).…”

“…The effect of naringin on UMR-106 and MG-63 osteosarcoma cells is dosedependent over the concentration range of 1-100 lg/mL (Chen et al 2013;Bharti et al 2014).…”

“…Controlled release formulations of naringin could reduce the total dose of medication required (Kim & Tabata 2015), and these formulations should have high encapsulation efficiencies and stable drug release behaviours (Cordenonsi et al 2015). Controlled release formulations of naringin have been shown to affect bone regeneration and to potentially promote bone healing (Chen et al 2013). …”

Effects of naringin on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells

“…Naringin has been found to enhance the alkaline phosphatase level of osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells (Jeong et al ., ) and the differentiation and maturation of rat calvarial osteoblasts (Zhai et al ., ). A recent study showed that gelatin composite containing naringin enhanced the osteoclast activity of mixed bone cells (Chen et al ., ). In vivo , naringin has been found to protect against ovariectomy‐induced bone loss in mice, which might be mediated through ligand‐dependent activation of oestrogen receptors in osteoblastic cells (Pang et al ., ).…”