A novel production route and process optimization of biomass-derived paraffin wax for pharmaceutical application

Gruber, Hannes; Lindner, Lukas; Arlt, Stefan; Reichhold, Alexander; Rauch, Reinhard; Weber, G.; Trimbach, J.; Hofbauer, Hermann

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124135

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…After filtration, the slack wax is separated from the remaining solvent, fractioned, and refined into white paraffin wax. As a result, the capacity of fossil paraffin wax production is inextricably related to lubricant production and, more broadly, crude oil refining [59]. A four-week study was conducted to investigate the effect of the paraffin wax mask pack on the skin of 20 healthy males and females.…”

Section: Ingredients Of Lipstickmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipsticks History, Formulations, and Production: A Narrative Review

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A considerable amount of literature has been published on several aspects of lipsticks production. To date, there is no collation of studies related to lipsticks production that has been published. This review was conducted to examine information about the history of lipsticks; ingredients used in the preparation of lipsticks, focusing on the natural and chemical ingredients; methods of preparation for the lipsticks; and the characterization of the lipsticks. A literature search for English language articles was conducted by searching electronic databases including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Overall, the evidence indicates that lipsticks have been used since ancient times and are among the highest demand cosmetics. The findings of this review summarize those of earlier studies that explained the use of different types of ingredients in the manufacturing processes of lipsticks. It highlights the importance of using green technology and ingredients to fabricate lipsticks to avoid potential side effects such as skin irritation and allergy reaction.

show abstract

Section: Ingredients Of Lipstickmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipsticks History, Formulations, and Production: A Narrative Review

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These process variables have a remarkable impact on the chemical composition of the obtained wax. In particular, they could change the conversion of triglycerides (TGA) into fatty acids (FFA), waxy esters (WE), fatty alcohols (FA), and paraffins (P) [10,[25][26][27]. Thus, it is possible to select conditions to produce a palm wax with attractive physical-chemical properties for its use in cosmetic formulations [6,10,26,[28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biowax Production from the Hydrotreatment of Refined Palm Oil (RPO)

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, conditions were determined to obtain a solid wax with a waxy ester content of more than 25% from the hydrotreating of palm oil. The experiments were conducted in a pilot-scale fixed-bed reactor. The influence of temperature, liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV), and pressure on the conversion of triglycerides were evaluated using a nickel molybdenum catalyst (NiMo/Al2O3). The variables were evaluated between 240 and 260 °C, 1 and 2 h−1 and 41 and 55 bar, respectively. Based on these results, the best conditions were T:240–260 °C; P: 90 bar; LHSV: 1.5 h−1; hydrogen/oil ratio 472 LN/L with a conversion around 60 wt%; and a selectivity towards waxy esters of 40 wt%. These conditions were then validated with a second catalyst (NiMoB/Al2O3), yielding a triglyceride conversion of about 60 wt% and a waxy ester concentration of around 30 wt%.

show abstract

“…However, Fischer–Tropsch technology plays a significant and critical role in the production of coal‐based chemicals, which can product a series of alkane and olefin compounds, with some oxygenated compounds as by‐products, such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and acids 2,3 . As one of the high value‐added products, Fischer–Tropsch wax has a wide range of applications, which can be used as a raw material for the production of ceramics, food, rubber, asphalt binder, textiles, tobacco, paint, plastics, and so forth 4–7 . As well known, Fischer–Tropsch wax is a methylene polymer, which belongs to mixture of hydrocarbons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3 As one of the high value-added products, Fischer-Tropsch wax has a wide range of applications, which can be used as a raw material for the production of ceramics, food, rubber, asphalt binder, textiles, tobacco, paint, plastics, and so forth. [4][5][6][7] As well known, Fischer-Tropsch wax is a methylene polymer, which belongs to mixture of hydrocarbons. However, high melting point Fischer-Tropsch wax is a high-end product wax, which was usually obtained by molecular distillation or solvent extraction from crude Fischer-Tropsch wax.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption decolorization and composition analysis of high melting point Fischer–Tropsch waxes

Jiang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The decolorization and quality improvement of the high melting point Fischer-Tropsch wax were carried out by the method of adsorption refining, and the activated clay was selected as adsorbent. The effects of adsorption decolorization temperature on the wax products were evaluated by testing the saybolt color number and whiteness value of the waxes. Meanwhile, the influence of adsorption decolorization temperature on the composition of waxes was investigated by gas chromatography (GC), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), thermogravimetry/differential thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric mass spectrometry (TG-MS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) characterizations of waxes and adsorbents activated clay before and after use. The results showed that the best adsorption decolorization temperature is 120 C, and the corresponding saybolt color number of decolorization waxes is +16. The reasons for the poor chromaticity of high melting point wax are not only the inorganic components mainly composed of residual ultrafine catalyst particles but also the organic components of unsaturated carbon-carbon double bonds and heteroatomic compounds containing oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. The oxidative deterioration of the unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond and hydrocarbons with low bond energy in waxes, as well as the oxidation of hydrocarbons containing oxygen and nitrogen heteroatoms, may be the main reasons for the yellowing of the wax products in the process of decolorization.

show abstract

A novel production route and process optimization of biomass-derived paraffin wax for pharmaceutical application

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Lipsticks History, Formulations, and Production: A Narrative Review

Lipsticks History, Formulations, and Production: A Narrative Review

Biowax Production from the Hydrotreatment of Refined Palm Oil (RPO)

Adsorption decolorization and composition analysis of high melting point Fischer–Tropsch waxes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About