A Novel Type D Simian Retrovirus Naturally Infecting the Indian Hanuman Langur (Semnopithecus entellus)

Nandi, Jayashree Seema; Bhavalkar-Potdar, Varsha; Tikute, Sanjay; Raut, Chandrashekhar G.

doi:10.1006/viro.2000.0567

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…1). Similar CPE was seen with co-culture of PBMC from langurs as shown in our earlier reports [1,7]. Two regions of the viral genome, pol and env, (TM and SU) were successfully amplified.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The partial genomic sequences from the env and pol genes of the virus are compared with endogenous simian retroviruses (SERV) and other exogenous simian retroviruses (SRV 1-3) including SRV-6, the Indian langur virus, reported by us earlier [1]. Between 1980 and 1990s, several exogenous simian b retroviruses, formerly known as type D simian retroviruses (SRV) were isolated and molecularly characterized from diverse species of the genus Macaca both in the wild and in colony-born monkeys [2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We had partially characterized the surface (SU) and transmembrane (TM) regions of its Genbank Accession numbers of the new sequences: SRV-6 TM (gp20) env: AF401239, SRV-6 SU (gp70) env: AY598468, SRV-7 pol region: AY594212, SRV-7 TM env (gp20): AY594213. env gene [1,7]. Recently a new SRV was reported from the Tsukuba primate center, Japan based on partial molecular characterization of the 'gag' gene [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Simian β Retroviruses from Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta) and Langurs (Semnopithecus Entellus) from Rajasthan, India

Nandi

Dooren

Chhangani³

et al. 2006

Virus Genes

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Natural infection of feral Indian rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) by a new simian beta retrovirus, provisionally called simian retrovirus-7 (SRV-7) is described. The virus is capable of in vitro replication in primary human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and B and T cell lines. We have earlier reported a novel SRV, SRV-6 from Indian langurs (Semnopithecus entellus). Additional sequence analyses from gp20 transmembrane (TM) env genes of SRV-6 and SRV-7 place them in a separate cluster, related to but distinct from known exogenous SRVs and also close to the simian endogenous beta retrovirus, (SERV) from African baboon. Phylogenetic analyses of pol gene of SRV-7 place it closer to SERV when the stop codons of the SERV genes are removed. On the other hand, additional sequence data from gp70, surface glycoprotein (SU) region of the env gene of SRV-6 suggest it is more closely related to known exogenous SRVs, (SRV-1 to 3). It is also related to the endogenous langur virus, Po-1-Lu. We hypothesize that SRV-6 and SRV-7 probably originated from a progenitor exogenous SRV which recombined with an endogenous SERV in the TM env and pol genes during evolution, based on the phylogenetic analyses.

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“…1). Similar CPE was seen with co-culture of PBMC from langurs as shown in our earlier reports [1,7]. Two regions of the viral genome, pol and env, (TM and SU) were successfully amplified.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Simian β Retroviruses from Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta) and Langurs (Semnopithecus Entellus) from Rajasthan, India

Nandi

Dooren

Chhangani³

et al. 2006

Virus Genes

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“…The black skin of the Hanuman langur is taken as proof that they are descendants of Hanuman, as the monkey god burnt his face and hands while on a mission to rescue Lord Rama's wife. ''Langur'' is a modified version of langulin, a Sanskrit word for ''having a long tail'' (Nandi et al, 2000;Koenig and Borries, 2001). Monkeys, and langurs in particular, are frequently found in and around Hindu temple grounds (Eudey, 1994).…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sanctuary in the City: Urban Monkeys Buffered against Catastrophic Die-off during ENSO-related Drought

Waite

Chhangani²,

Campbell

et al. 2007

EcoHealth

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Large-scale climatic drivers such as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can overwhelm factors that ordinarily govern local population dynamics. We recently documented an ENSO-related die-off of mammals in the Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary (KWS), Rajasthan, India. This die-off coincided with the La Niña-induced drought of 2000, which followed two consecutive monsoon failures. Hanuman langurs suffered a population crash of nearly 50% from 1999 to 2001. A Multivariate ENSO Index explained 80% of the variability in population size during the time series, and predicted the mass mortality and/or recruitment failure associated with the major La Niña event spanning 1999. Here, we ask whether langurs in a large Rajasthani city, Jodhpur, were buffered against drought because humans provisioned them with food-for religious reasons.Unlike the KWS population, the Jodhpur population suffered no significant decline. In 2001, this urban population remained 95% as large as in 1999, before the drought. Variability in population size was also vastly reduced in Jodhpur. Thus, the impact of drought was dampened in a major urban area compared with an officially protected area. In this case, high human population density was not anathema for conservation.Wildlife sanctuaries in protected areas are undeniably important conservation tools, but our findings reinforce the notion that cities can serve as de facto sanctuaries for some species. This study provides some hope for biodiversity conservation in a rapidly urbanizing world, particularly for holy and commensal species.

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“…The serotype classifications for SRV-1 to SRV-5 have also been well supported by these phylogenetic analyses. Additionally, SRV-T, SRV-6 and SRV-7, have been identified, based on the results of phylogenetic analyses (Hara et al, 2005;Nandi et al, 2000Nandi et al, , 2006. SRV-T was reported as a virus strain of SRV-4 based on sequencing analysis (White et al, 2009;Zao et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and DNA characterization of a simian retrovirus 5 from a Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata)

Takano

León

Kato

et al. 2013

Journal of General Virology

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An SRV-like virus was isolated from a colony-born Japanese monkey. To identify this SRV-like virus, we designed universal primers at regions that were conserved among the reported SRV sequences in the 59-LTR and the short ORF and we obtained plasmid clones containing the complete gag, prt, pol and env genes. The full-length sequences of the isolate were determined from the plasmids and by direct sequencing. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses indicated that this SRV-like virus had a sequence identical to the reported 626 bp of SRV-5. In this study, we isolated SRV5/JPN/2005/V1 from a Japanese monkey and characterized the fulllength SRV-5 sequence.Simian betaretroviruses (SRVs) (formerly known as simian type D retroviruses; SRV/Ds) have been isolated from Asian monkeys of the genus Macaca. SRVs are among the most important infectious agents in macaque colonies because SRVs cause immunodeficiency, anaemia, weight loss, tumours and persistent refractory diarrhoea (Daniel et al., 1984;Giddens et al., 1985;Lerche et al., 1987;Marx et al., 1984). Five distinct types of SRVs, SRV-1 through SRV-5, have been identified, based on neutralization tests. Furthermore, the complete DNA sequences of SRV-1, -2, -3 and -4, and the partial sequence of SRV-5 have been reported (Li et al., 2000; Power et al., 1986;Sonigo et al., 1986;Thayer et al., 1987;Zao et al., 2010). The serotype classifications for SRV-1 to SRV-5 have also been well supported by these phylogenetic analyses. Additionally, SRV-T, SRV-6 and SRV-7, have been identified, based on the results of phylogenetic analyses (Hara et al., 2005;Nandi et al., 2000Nandi et al., , 2006. SRV-T was reported as a virus strain of SRV-4 based on sequencing analysis (White et al., 2009;Zao et al., 2010).Only one SRV virus strain, D2/RHE/OR, has been isolated from a Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) at the Washington National Primate Research Center (Giddens et al., 1985). The D2/RHE/OR and closely related SRV-2 strains (SRV-2B) have also been identified in endemic infections of pig-tail monkeys (M. nemestrina), cynomolgus monkeys (M. fascicularis) and rhesus monkeys (M. mulatta) in the Washington and Oregon National Primate Research Center (Bryant et al., 1986;Grant et al., 1995;Hefti et al., 1983;Marracci et al., 1995 Marracci et al., , 1999 PhilippStaheli et al., 2006;Stromberg et al., 1984). In the present study, we isolated a novel SRV-5-like virus by culture from a Japanese monkey. We sequenced the complete proviral genome of this isolate and compared it with other known SRVs.Colony-born Japanese monkeys, J-03-001F1, J-04-067F1, J-07-005F1 and J-07-016F1, were bred and reared at a private monkey facility in Japan. As these animals showed persistent diarrhoea, anaemia and weight loss, the serum and EDTA-treated whole blood samples were sent to our laboratory for diagnosis. No PCR products were amplified from these samples using published primer sets that amplify SRV-1, -2, -3 or -4 (SRV-T) (Fujimoto et al., 2010;Liska et al., 1997) (data not shown). Virus isolation wa...

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A Novel Type D Simian Retrovirus Naturally Infecting the Indian Hanuman Langur (Semnopithecus entellus)

Cited by 27 publications

References 28 publications

New Simian β Retroviruses from Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta) and Langurs (Semnopithecus Entellus) from Rajasthan, India

New Simian β Retroviruses from Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta) and Langurs (Semnopithecus Entellus) from Rajasthan, India

Sanctuary in the City: Urban Monkeys Buffered against Catastrophic Die-off during ENSO-related Drought

Isolation and DNA characterization of a simian retrovirus 5 from a Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata)

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