A Numerical Study of Water Loss Rate Distributions in MDCT-Based Human Airway Models

Wu, Dan; Miyawaki, Shinjiro; Tawhai, Merryn H.; Hoffman, Eric A.; Lin, Ching‐Long

doi:10.1007/s10439-015-1318-3

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The airway fluid transport model of Warren et al [16] was utilized in the construction of an integrative model of human airway ion and fluid transport [17,18]. This model solves an ordinary differential equation system for membrane potentials (V a , V b ), intracellular ion concentrations ([Na + ] i , [Cl − ] i , [K + ] i ), extracellular ion concentrations ([Na + ] e , [Cl − ] e , [K + ] e ), and extracellular and intracellular fluid volumes (W e , W i ) [18].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thein vitroeffect of nebulised hypertonic saline on human bronchial epithelium

Goralski

Thelin

et al. 2018

Eur Respir J

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Inhaled hypertonic saline (HS) is an effective therapy for muco-obstructive lung diseases. However, the mechanism of action and principles pertinent to HS administration remain unclear.An system aerosolised HS to epithelial cells at rates comparable to conditions. Airway surface liquid (ASL) volume and cell height responses were measured by confocal microscopy under normal and hyperconcentrated mucus states.Aerosolised HS produced a rapid increase in ASL height and decrease in cell height. Added ASL volume was quickly reabsorbed following termination of nebulisation, although cell height did not recover within the same time frame. ASL volume responses to repeated HS administrations were blunted, but could be restored by a hypotonic saline bolus interposed between HS administrations. HS-induced ASL hydration was prolonged with hyperconcentrated mucus on the airway surface, with more modest reductions in cell volume.Aerosolised HS produced osmotically induced increases in ASL height that were limited by active sodium absorption and cell volume-induced reductions in cell water permeability. Mucus on airway surfaces prolonged the effect of HS mucus-dependent osmotic forces, suggesting that the duration of action of HS is increased in patients with hyperconcentrated mucus.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thein vitroeffect of nebulised hypertonic saline on human bronchial epithelium

Goralski

Thelin

et al. 2018

Eur Respir J

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“…Other studies of note in this field include a lung model of the first 17 generations from Islam et al [116], and work from the Lin group who employ a hybrid 3D/1D method where CFD is applied in the 3D upper airway [117, 118, 119]. Finally, an interesting method developed by the University of Auckland uses a volume-filling, branching tree algorithm to define the large number of bifurcations in the lower airways, with dimensions based on anatomically accurate morphometric data [109, 120, 121].…”

Section: Development Of Complete-airway Deposition Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of computational fluid dynamics deposition modeling in respiratory drug delivery

Longest

Bass

Dutta

et al. 2018

Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery

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Introduction: Respiratory drug delivery is a surprisingly complex process with a number of physical and biological challenges. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a scientific simulation technique that is capable of providing spatially and temporally resolved predictions of many aspects related to respiratory drug delivery from initial aerosol formation through respiratory cellular drug absorption. Areas Covered: This review article focuses on CFD-based deposition modeling applied to pharmaceutical aerosols. Areas covered include the development of new complete-airway CFD deposition models and the application of these models to develop a next generation of respiratory drug delivery strategies. Expert Opinion: Complete-airway deposition modeling is a valuable research tool that can improve our understanding of pharmaceutical aerosol delivery and is already supporting medical hypotheses, such as the expected under-treatment of the small airways in asthma. These complete-airway models are also being used to advance next generation aerosol delivery strategies, like controlled condensational growth. We envision future applications of CFD deposition modeling to reduce the need for human subject testing in developing new devices and formulations, to help establish bioequivalence for the accelerated approval of generic inhalers, and to provide valuable new insights related to drug dissolution and clearance leading to microdosimetry maps of drug absorption.

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“…Another patient‐based method of applying boundary conditions is utilizing a coupled 3D–1D model (Box , Figure ), for example Refs . In these models, distal airway branches not visible from CT are incorporated by using a computational algorithm to create morphometrically consistent 1D airway networks into the lung volume.…”

Section: Image‐based Computational Fluid Dynamics In the Central Airwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In panel (a) 1D branches are colored according to lobe (left upper lobe: blue, left lower lobe: green, right upper lobe: light green, right middle lobe: orange, right lower lobe: red). (Reprinted with permission from Ref . Copyright 2015 Springer)…”

Section: Image‐based Computational Fluid Dynamics In the Central Airwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image‐based computational fluid dynamics in the lung: virtual reality or new clinical practice?

Burrowes

Backer

Kumar

2017

WIREs Mechanisms of Disease

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The development and implementation of personalized medicine is paramount to improving the efficiency and efficacy of patient care. In the respiratory system, function is largely dictated by the choreographed movement of air and blood to the gas exchange surface. The passage of air begins in the upper airways, either via the mouth or nose, and terminates at the alveolar interface, while blood flows from the heart to the alveoli and back again. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a well-established tool for predicting fluid flows and pressure distributions within complex systems. Traditionally CFD has been used to aid in the effective or improved design of a system or device; however, it has become increasingly exploited in biological and medical-based applications further broadening the scope of this computational technique. In this review, we discuss the advancement in application of CFD to the respiratory system and the contributions CFD is currently making toward improving precision medicine. The key areas CFD has been applied to in the pulmonary system are in predicting fluid transport and aerosol distribution within the airways. Here we focus our discussion on fluid flows and in particular on image-based clinically focused CFD in the ventilatory system. We discuss studies spanning from the paranasal sinuses through the conducting airways down to the level of the alveolar airways. The combination of imaging and CFD is enabling improved device design in aerosol transport, improved biomarkers of lung function in clinical trials, and improved predictions and assessment of surgical interventions in the nasal sinuses. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2017, 9:e1392. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1392 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.

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A Numerical Study of Water Loss Rate Distributions in MDCT-Based Human Airway Models

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

Thein vitroeffect of nebulised hypertonic saline on human bronchial epithelium

Thein vitroeffect of nebulised hypertonic saline on human bronchial epithelium

Use of computational fluid dynamics deposition modeling in respiratory drug delivery

Image‐based computational fluid dynamics in the lung: virtual reality or new clinical practice?

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