A overview: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and mechanisms

Abstract

The inflammatory response represents a generalized response to infection or tissue damage and is designed to remove cellular debris, to localize invading organisms and arrest the spread of infection. NSAIDS are metabolized primarily in the liver. They vary in their half-lives and bioavailability. Given the multitude of available NSAIDs, the variability of their half-lives allows for different dosing regimens. The fluid in the inflamed area is known as inflammatory exudates, commonly called as pus. These exudates contain dead cells and debris in addition to body fluids. The inflammatory response is characterized by the following symptoms: Reddening of the localized area, swelling, pain and elevated temperature. Reddening results from capillary dialation that allows more blood to flow to the damaged tissue. Elevated temperature results from capillary dialation which permits increased blood flow through these vessels, with associated high metabolic activities of neutrophils and macrophages. The release of histamine from mast cells during antigen antibody reactions is well known, as is its involvement in the inflammatory response to skin injury. The present review focused on list and precautions of NSAID with its typed and classification, Analgesic activity study, histamine.

Case report: a rare presentation of typhoid fever due to eating over-ripened pineapple

“…Ciprofloxacillin, 500 mg, taken orally twice a day for 7 days, treated typhoid by preventing S. typhi deoxyribonucleic acid replication by inhibiting its deoxyribonucleic acid topoisomerase and deoxyribonucleic acid gyrase 18 . Paracetamol 500 mg was given orally three times a day for 5 days to control the fever by inhibiting prostaglandin E2 secretion, which elevates heat secretion and lowers heat loss 19 . Paracetamol also reduces hyperthermia (elevated body temperature) 20 .…”

A Case Report of Enteric Fever Caused by Consumption of Lettuce

“…Since the mid-1980s, Multidrug-resistant typhoid fever has caused outbreaks in several countries in the developing world, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality, especially in affected children below five years of age and those who are malnourished [ 16 ]. By preventing the release of prostaglandin E2, which increases heat secretion and decreases heat loss, paracetamol 500 mg was administered three times per day for 7 days to reduce fever [ 17 ]. Hyperthermia, or increased body temperature, is also decreased by paracetamol [ 18 ].…”

A Comprehensive Review on Natural Products and Anti-Inflammatory Activity

“…Mediator-like immunoreactivity of bradykinin chemicals has been found in inflammatory pleural rat exudates [29,30]. After immunological challenge, kinines chemical mediators are also present in nasal secretion and kininogens is produced from mast cells of the lung [31][32][33][34].…”