Objective: Different dry extracts of Memecylon umbellatum Burm leaf obtained by various solvents such as petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and chloroform water (IP) was screened to reap the benefits of its antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties using ascorbic acid as standard antioxidants. Methods: The in vitro free radical scavenging activity was evaluated using diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical method using various concentrations of dry extract in distilled water (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 20 μg/ml) against blank with ascorbic acid as a standard in same concentrations. Results: Among the all extracts, Methanol leaf extract has showed higher Antioxidant activity (84.65 ± 0.064 %) having IC 50 Value 11.81 ± 0.033 μg/ml at 20 μg/ml. While, IC 50 value for ascorbic acid was found to be 8.91 ± 0.084 μg/ml. Conclusion: The results clearly indicate that Methanol leaf extract of Memecylon umbellatum is effective in free radical scavenging. So in future, this may emerge as promising natural herbal source of powerful antioxidant.

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The inflammatory response represents a generalized response to infection or tissue damage and is designed to remove cellular debris, to localize invading organisms and arrest the spread of infection. NSAIDS are metabolized primarily in the liver. They vary in their half-lives and bioavailability. Given the multitude of available NSAIDs, the variability of their half-lives allows for different dosing regimens. The fluid in the inflamed area is known as inflammatory exudates, commonly called as pus. These exudates contain dead cells and debris in addition to body fluids. The inflammatory response is characterized by the following symptoms: Reddening of the localized area, swelling, pain and elevated temperature. Reddening results from capillary dialation that allows more blood to flow to the damaged tissue. Elevated temperature results from capillary dialation which permits increased blood flow through these vessels, with associated high metabolic activities of neutrophils and macrophages. The release of histamine from mast cells during antigen antibody reactions is well known, as is its involvement in the inflammatory response to skin injury. The present review focused on list and precautions of NSAID with its typed and classification, Analgesic activity study, histamine.

Present study investigated most efficient technique for the development of salbutamol sulphate loaded liposomes. Salbutamol sulphate is a selective β2 adrenoceptor agonist widely used in the treatment of bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Our work is mainly focused on in vitro studies of liposomal formulation encapsulated with salbutamol sulphate which may have high drug entrapment, sustained drug release and effective vesicle size. Drug loaded liposomes were prepared by ethanol injection and thin film hydration techniques using soyaphosphatidyl choline and cholesterol in various molar ratios. Liposomes were evaluated for vesicle size, entrapment efficiency, transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential and drug release parameters. The particle size of drug loaded liposomes prepared by ethanol injection technique was 423-527 nm whereas it was 160-174.2 nm when prepared by thin film hydration technique. Zeta potential of liposomes prepared by thin film hydration technique was enough to stabilize over six months. Optimized batches of salbutamolsulphate loaded liposomal formulations prepared by ethanol injection and thin film hydration technique have shown drug release as 94.59 % and 88.03 %, respectively. On the basis of observed average particle size, percent drug entrapment and drug release profiles, thin film hydration technique was emerged as superior technique over ethanol injection technique.