A photonic circuit for complementary frequency shifting, in-phase quadrature/single sideband modulation and frequency multiplication: analysis and integration feasibility

Performance analysis of a multi - function photonic architecture on SOI acting as a frequency shifter

“…Figure 6 shows the forward bias I-V characteristic of a phase modulator in one arm of MZMB. A similar measurement can be found in [50,53] which determines that the diode performance has not deteriorated over the years.…”

“…Another photonic frequency multiplier circuit uses the same concept of exploiting the phase relationship of input and output signals in the MMI coupler to obtain an 8-fold multiplication of the electric local oscillator frequency [52][53]. Mehedi Hassan et al extended the circuits functionality to have dual-carrier complex modulation, sub-carrier generation and frequency up-conversion [50]. This photonic circuit consists of eight phase modulator situated in the arms between an interconnected 4×8 distribution tree and a complementary 8×4 combination tree.…”

“…Each MZI configuration can act as an MZM when differentially driven. A little modification in the connections between the outer and inner stages at the distribution and combination sides which would translate into the bias point reversal converts the frequency 8-tupling circuit in [52] to the IQ modulator in [50]. The schematic diagram of the modified IQ modulator is shown in figure 2(b).…”

“…From the optical spectra of the frequency shifter, it can be concluded that the finite extinction ratio of the MZMs, power imbalance and phase errors between the ports of the MMIs are imposing the deviations from the ideal situation. Mehedi et al have analyzed the performance of the circuit by simulation considering these impairments [50]. They modelled their MMIs based on the results obtained in [55].…”

Performance analysis of a multi - function photonic architecture on SOI acting as a frequency shifter

“…A multi-functional photonic circuit consisting of four differentially driven MZMs in parallel has been proposed in [50]. Sub-carrier generation, frequency multiplication, complex modulation and frequency conversion can be achieved by the same architecture.…”