“…Following Gaut (2002), the inferred dates were derived from the plastid gene ndhV of nine Poaceae representatives [Anomochloa (Anomochloeae), Leersia (Oryzeae); Avena (Aveneae); Poa (Poeae); Hordeum (Triticeae); Setaria and Pennisetum (Paniceae); Sorghum and Zea (Andropogoneae) plus Joinvillea (Joinvilleaceae; outgroup)], and a phylogeny of the family concordant with that presented by Clark et al (1995) and the Grass Phylogeny Working Group (GPWG, 2001). We used as calibration lower and upper bounds previously reported on the age of the family based on pollen (Linder, 1987;Jacobs et al, 1999;Kellogg, 2002Kellogg, , 2001) and phytoliths (Prasad et al, 2005) fossil records that varied between 55-80 My and that were imposed as minimum and maximum constraints to the crown node of the Poaceae, respectively.…”