A Plant-based Approach to Deficit Irrigation in Trees and Vines

Shackel, Kenneth A.

doi:10.21273/hortsci.46.2.173

Cited by 65 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Due to the drought, the general trend of

ψ_{collar}

is decreasing. The impact of the day‐night cycle of plant transpiration is also very clear, with minima of

ψ_{collar}

around noon and maxima at night, as typically observed experimentally [ Gardner and Nieman , ; Shackel , ]. During the last 2 weeks of the simulation,

ψ_{collar}

of “Gap” and “Gap x AQP” HAs recovered to significantly higher values at night.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Dynamic aspects of soil water availability for isohydric plants: Focus on root hydraulic resistances

Couvreur

Vanderborght

Draye

et al. 2014

Water Resources Research

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Soil water availability for plant transpiration is a key concept in agronomy. The objective of this study is to revisit this concept and discuss how it may be affected by processes locally influencing root hydraulic properties. A physical limitation to soil water availability in terms of maximal flow rate available to plant leaves (Q avail ) is defined. It is expressed for isohydric plants, in terms of plant-centered variables and properties (the equivalent soil water potential sensed by the plant, w s eq ; the root system equivalent conductance, K rs ; and a threshold leaf water potential, w leaf lim ). The resulting limitation to plant transpiration is compared to commonly used empirical stress functions. Similarities suggest that the slope of empirical functions might correspond to the ratio of K rs to the plant potential transpiration rate. The sensitivity of Q avail to local changes of root hydraulic conductances in response to soil matric potential is investigated using model simulations. A decrease of radial conductances when the soil dries induces earlier water stress, but allows maintaining higher night plant water potentials and higher Q avail during the last week of a simulated 1 month drought. In opposition, an increase of radial conductances during soil drying provokes an increase of hydraulic redistribution and Q avail at short term. This study offers a first insight on the effect of dynamic local root hydraulic properties on soil water availability. By better understanding complex interactions between hydraulic processes involved in soil-plant hydrodynamics, better prospects on how root hydraulic traits mitigate plant water stress might be achieved.

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“…Due to the drought, the general trend of

ψ_{collar}

is decreasing. The impact of the day‐night cycle of plant transpiration is also very clear, with minima of

ψ_{collar}

around noon and maxima at night, as typically observed experimentally [ Gardner and Nieman , ; Shackel , ]. During the last 2 weeks of the simulation,

ψ_{collar}

of “Gap” and “Gap x AQP” HAs recovered to significantly higher values at night.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Dynamic aspects of soil water availability for isohydric plants: Focus on root hydraulic resistances

Couvreur

Vanderborght

Draye

et al. 2014

Water Resources Research

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“…In 2017, the lower vine water status of CAS may have resulted from the lower soil moisture availability as indicated by Ψ pd . However, both cultivars exhibited Ψ s within a narrow range (> −1 MPa) indicating minimal water stress [47]. The associated high g s values of both cultivars also confirm that low water stress was observed throughout the cooler season and the g s difference between cultivars was small at high Ψ s values.…”

Section: Cultivar Differences In Vine Water Statussupporting

confidence: 53%

“…In the absence of soil variation within one particular study block, a gradient of water status was observed between the northern and southern sections, where vines in the northern section shown in blue had relatively high-water status (average g s −367 mmol H 2 O m −2 s −1 ), whereas vines in the southern section shown in red were relatively water stressed (average g s −123 mmol H 2 O m −2 s −1 ) (Figure 6a). Agronomy 2019, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW 6 of 17 both cultivars exhibited Ψs within a narrow range (> −1 MPa) indicating minimal water stress [47]. The associated high gs values of both cultivars also confirm that low water stress was observed throughout the cooler season and the gs difference between cultivars was small at high Ψs values.…”

Section: Aerial Thermal Imaging As a Spatial Investigative Toolmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Stem water potential was used in this study as it is less variable than Ψ l and therefore a more reliable indicator of vine water status [44]. Stomatal conductance is another reliable measure of plant water status; g s has shown to be highly correlated with Ψ s in a variety of crops including grapevines [44][45][46][47]. The advantage of using g s over Ψ s is that it captures the dynamic state of water fluxes within the leaf of the plant.…”

Section: Cultivar Differences In Vine Water Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating Remotely-Sensed Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Water Stress Responses Across a Viticultural Region

Pagay

Kidman²

2019

Agronomy

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The evolving spatial and temporal knowledge about vineyard performance through the use of remote sensing offers new perspectives for vine water status studies. This paper describes the application of aerial thermal imaging to evaluate vine water status to improve irrigation scheduling decisions, water use efficiency, and overall winegrape quality in the Coonawarra viticultural region of South Australia. Airborne infrared images were acquired during the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons in the region of Coonawarra, South Australia. Several thermal indices of crop water status (CWSI, I g , (T c -T a )) were calculated that correlated with conventional soil and vine water status measures (Ψ pd, Ψ s, g s ). CWSI and I g could discriminate between the two cultivars used in this study, Cabernet Sauvignon (CAS) and Shiraz (SHI), as did the conventional water stress measures. The relationship between conventional vine water status measures appeared stronger with CWSI in the warmer and drier season (2016) compared to the cooler and wetter season (2017), where I g and (T c -T a ) showed stronger correlations. The study identified CWSI, I g and (T c -T a ) to be reliable indicators of vine water status under a variety of environmental conditions. This is the first study to report on high resolution vine water status at a regional scale in Australia using a combination of remote and direct sensing methods. This methodology is promising for aerial surveillance of vine water status across multiple blocks and cultivars to inform irrigation scheduling.

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“…2 Studies of water relations and stress physiology over the past decades have found that values of ψ along the path of E (the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum -SPAC) correlate with plant growth, crop yield and quality, susceptibility to disease, and the balance between water loss due to E and the uptake and assimilation of carbon dioxide (water-use efficiency). [3][4][5] Due to the recognized importance of water potential in controlling plant function, plant scientists have spent considerable effort devising accurate and reliable methods to measure water potential of the soil, stem, and leaf. 6 Of these, plant water potentials and particularly leaf water potential (ψ leaf ) represent valuable indicators of plant water status because they integrate both environmental conditions (e.g., soil water availability and evaporative demand) and plant physiological processes (e.g., root water uptake, xylem transport, and stomatal regulation).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A minimally disruptive method for measuring water potential in-planta using hydrogel nanoreporters

Jain

Liu

Zhu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Leaf water potential is a critical indicator of plant water status, integrating soil moisture status, plant physiology, and environmental conditions. There are few tools for measuring plant water status (water potential) in situ, presenting a critical barrier for the development of appropriate phenotyping (measurement) methods for crop development and modeling efforts aimed at understanding water transport in plants. Here, we present the development of an in situ, minimally-disruptive hydrogel nanoreporter (AquaDust) for measuring leaf water potential. The gel matrix responds to changes in water potential in its local environment by swelling; the distance between covalently linked dyes changes with the reconfiguration of the polymer, leading to changes in the emission spectrum via Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). Upon infiltration into leaves, the nanoparticles localize within the apoplastic space in the mesophyll; they do not enter the cytoplast or the xylem. We characterize the physical basis for AquaDust's response and demonstrate its function in intact maize (Zea mays L.) leaves as a reporter of leaf water potential. We use AquaDust to measure gradients of water potential along intact, actively transpiring leaves as a function of water status; the localized nature of the reporters allows us to define a hydraulic model that distinguishes resistances inside and outside the xylem. We also present field measurements with AquaDust through a full diurnal cycle to confirm the robustness of the technique and of our model. We conclude that AquaDust offers potential opportunities for highthroughput, field measurements and spatially resolved studies of water relations within plant tissues.

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A Plant-based Approach to Deficit Irrigation in Trees and Vines

Cited by 65 publications

References 20 publications

Dynamic aspects of soil water availability for isohydric plants: Focus on root hydraulic resistances

Dynamic aspects of soil water availability for isohydric plants: Focus on root hydraulic resistances

Evaluating Remotely-Sensed Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Water Stress Responses Across a Viticultural Region

A minimally disruptive method for measuring water potential in-planta using hydrogel nanoreporters

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