A Plant Phytosulfokine Peptide Initiates Auxin-Dependent Immunity through Cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling in Tomato

Zhang, Huan; Hu, Zhangjian; Cui, Lei; Zheng, Chenfei; Wang, Jiao; Shao, Shujun; Li, Xin; Xia, Xiaojian; Cai, Xin-Zhong; Zhou, Jie; Zhou, Yanhong; Yu, Jingquan; Foyer, Christine H.; Shi, Kai

doi:10.1105/tpc.17.00537

Cited by 144 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…, ; Zhang et al . ). All effects can at least partially be rescued by external application of the tyrosine‐sulfated peptides that are linked to the phenotypes observed in tpst‐1 (Komori et al .…”

Section: Tyrosine Sulfationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Mosher & Kemmerling ; Zhang et al . ). PSKs are derived from 80‐ to 110‐amino acid pre‐pro‐proteins and are active as di‐sulfated pentapeptides of the sequence Y(‐SO 4 H)‐I‐Y(‐SO 4 H)‐T‐Q (Matsubayashi & Sakagami ).…”

Section: Post‐translationally Modified Peptides and Peptide Familiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are four major groups of peptide growth factors that depend on tyrosine sulfation for full activity, namely PSKs, PLANT PEPTIDEs CONTAINING SULFATED TYROSINE (PSYs), ROOT MERISTEM GROWTH FACTORs (RGFs) and CASPARIAN STRIP INTEGRITY FACTORS (CIFs). While PSK was originally identified as a mitogenic factor inducing cell division in Asparagus cell cultures , it is now clear that PSKs have multiple functions in different developmental processes, including the induction of root and hypocotyl growth mainly by cell expansion (Kutschmar et al 2009;St€ uhrwohldt et al 2011), pollen tube growth and guidance ) and plant-pathogen interactions (Loivamaki et al 2010;Igarashi et al 2012;Zhang et al 2018). PSKs are derived from 80-to 110-amino acid pre-pro-proteins and are active as disulfated pentapeptides of the sequence Y(-SO 4 H)-I-Y(-SO 4 H)-T-Q .…”

Section: Tyrosine-sulfated Peptides: Phytosulfokine (Psk)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pleiotropic lossof-function phenotypes were observed in tpst mutants, highlighting the importance of tyrosine sulfation for plant growth and development. Loss of TPST function results in a remarkable dwarf phenotype accompanied by small roots, smaller hypocotyls, pale green leaves, reduction in higher order veins, early senescence, a reduced number of flowers and siliques, impaired pollen tube guidance and pathogen defence (Komori et al 2009;St€ uhrwohldt et al 2011St€ uhrwohldt et al , 2015Zhang et al 2018). All effects can at least partially be rescued by external application of the tyrosine-sulfated peptides that are linked to the phenotypes observed in tpst-1 (Komori et al 2009;Matsuzaki et al 2010;St€ uhrwohldt et al 2011;Doblas et al 2017).…”

Section: Tyrosine Sulfationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulation of plant peptide hormones and growth factors by post‐translational modification

Stührwohldt

Schaller

2018

Plant Biol J

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The number, diversity and significance of peptides as regulators of cellular differentiation, growth, development and defence of plants has long been underestimated. Peptides have now emerged as an important class of signals for cell-to-cell communication over short distances, and also for long-range signalling. We refer to these signalling molecules as peptide growth factors and peptide hormones, respectively. As compared to remarkable progress with respect to the mechanisms of peptide perception and signal transduction, the biogenesis of signalling peptides is still in its infancy. This review focuses on the biogenesis and activity of small post-translationally modified peptides. These peptides are derived from inactive pre-pro-peptides of approximately 70-120 amino acids. Multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs) may be required for peptide maturation and activation, including proteolytic processing, tyrosine sulfation, proline hydroxylation and hydroxyproline glycosylation. While many of the enzymes responsible for these modifications have been identified, their impact on peptide activity and signalling is not fully understood. These PTMs may or may not be required for bioactivity, they may inactivate the peptide or modify its signalling specificity, they may affect peptide stability or targeting, or its binding affinity with the receptor. In the present review, we will first introduce the peptides that undergo PTMs and for which these PTMs were shown to be functionally relevant. We will then discuss the different types of PTMs and the impact they have on peptide activity and plant growth and development. We conclude with an outlook on the open questions that need to be addressed in future research.

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Section: Tyrosine Sulfationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Post‐translationally Modified Peptides and Peptide Familiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tyrosine-sulfated Peptides: Phytosulfokine (Psk)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tyrosine Sulfationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulation of plant peptide hormones and growth factors by post‐translational modification

Stührwohldt

Schaller

2018

Plant Biol J

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“…Intriguingly, GH3.1 expression was induced in siR109944 OE plants but suppressed in FBL55 OE plants; this finding seems inconsistent with the above conclusions. A possible analytical reason for the discrepancy in the expression of GH3.1 in response to the two fungi may be that M. grisea is a biotrophic fungus, while R. solani is a necrotrophic pathogen, and auxin is known to play different or even opposing regulatory roles in plant immunity according to pathogen lifestyles (Mutka et al , ; Shimizu‐Mitao and Kakimoto, ; Zhang et al , ). Additionally, auxin signalling acts synergistically with JA/ET signalling required for necrotrophic resistance, but antagonistically towards SA signalling necessary for biotrophic resistance (Llorente et al , ; Fu and Wang, ; Yang et al , ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice siR109944 suppresses plant immunity to sheath blight and impacts multiple agronomic traits by affecting auxin homeostasis

et al. 2020

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Plant small RNAs (sRNAs) play significant roles in regulating various developmental processes and hormone signalling pathways involved in plant responses to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the functions of sRNAs in response to rice sheath blight remain unclear. We screened rice (Oryza sativa) sRNA expression patterns against Rhizoctonia solani and found that Tourist-miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE)-derived small interfering RNA (siRNA) (here referred to as siR109944) expression was clearly suppressed upon R. solani infection. One potential target of siR109944 is the F-Box domain and LRRcontaining protein 55 (FBL55), which encode the transport inhibitor response 1 (TIR1)-like protein. We found that rice had significantly enhanced susceptibility when siR109944 was overexpressed, while FBL55 OE plants showed resistance to R. solani challenge. Additionally, multiple agronomic traits of rice, including root length and flag leaf inclination, were affected by siR109944 expression. Auxin metabolism-related and signalling pathway-related genes were differentially expressed in the siR109944 OE and FBL55 OE plants. Importantly, pre-treatment with auxin enhanced sheath blight resistance by affecting endogenous auxin homeostasis in rice. Furthermore, transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing siR109944 exhibited early flowering, increased tiller numbers, and increased susceptibility to R. solani. Our results demonstrate that siR109944 has a conserved function in interfering with plant immunity, growth, and development by affecting auxin homeostasis in planta. Thus, siR109944 provides a genetic target for plant breeding in the future. Furthermore, exogenous application of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or auxin analogues might effectively protect field crops against diseases.

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Small Post‐Translationally Modified Peptides – The Making Off

Stührwohldt

2022

Annual Plant Reviews Online

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Peptide hormones are an emerging new class of signalling molecules in plants, the importance of which has long been underestimated. One important class of peptides is the ‘small post‐translationally modified peptides’ (SPMPs), which require proteolytic processing as an essential step for maturation. SPMPs are derived from pre‐pro‐proteins that consist of 70 to 110 amino acids and harbour the mature peptides at, or close to their C‐termini. All SPMPs are subject to further post‐translational modifications during passage through the secretory pathway, including tyrosine sulphation and/or proline hydroxylation, which may be followed by O‐glycosylation. Despite the prevalence of hydroxyproline (Hyp) in SPMPs, the corresponding enzymes responsible for this post‐translational proline hydroxylation have not been identified, and it is unclear how the specificity of the proline targeted for hydroxylation is achieved. In this article, the current knowledge about the processing, biogenesis, compartmentalization, and post‐translational modifications of SPMPs will be discussed and analysed, and the open questions about the biogenesis of SPMPs will be pointed out.

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A Plant Phytosulfokine Peptide Initiates Auxin-Dependent Immunity through Cytosolic Ca²⁺ Signaling in Tomato

Cited by 144 publications

References 64 publications

Regulation of plant peptide hormones and growth factors by post‐translational modification

Regulation of plant peptide hormones and growth factors by post‐translational modification

Rice siR109944 suppresses plant immunity to sheath blight and impacts multiple agronomic traits by affecting auxin homeostasis

Small Post‐Translationally Modified Peptides – The Making Off

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A Plant Phytosulfokine Peptide Initiates Auxin-Dependent Immunity through Cytosolic Ca2+ Signaling in Tomato

Cited by 144 publications

References 64 publications

Regulation of plant peptide hormones and growth factors by post‐translational modification

Regulation of plant peptide hormones and growth factors by post‐translational modification

Rice siR109944 suppresses plant immunity to sheath blight and impacts multiple agronomic traits by affecting auxin homeostasis

Small Post‐Translationally Modified Peptides – The Making Off

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Resources

About

A Plant Phytosulfokine Peptide Initiates Auxin-Dependent Immunity through Cytosolic Ca²⁺ Signaling in Tomato