A porous photocurable elastomer for cell encapsulation and culture

Bone Tissue Engineering with Multilayered Scaffolds—Part I: An Approach for Vascularizing Engineered Constructs In Vivo

“…[4][5][6][7][8] However, less than optimal scaffold architecture remains as one of the crucial factors, which affect the depth, rate of vascular ingrowth, and spatial distribution of vessels in the engineered construct. [9][10][11][12] Both angiogenesis, where the development of new vessels occurs from pre-existing blood vessels, and vasculogenesis, where blood vessels are formed through the de novo differentiation of stem cells into endothelial cells and/or their progenitors, have been studied by researchers to overcome the problem of inadequate vascularization of tissue-engineered constructs. 13 For functional vascularization of the construct, the role of material-driven properties such as compatibility, functionality, mechanical property, and degradation along with scaffold design parameters such as structure, porosity, pore size, and interconnectivity are important.…”

Controlling the Porosity and Microarchitecture of Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering

“…4 Upon implantation, hydrogel porosity allows for local angiogenesis to occur, which is a key requirement for vascularized tissues. The degree of porosity will also have a substantial effect on the mechanical properties, with the stiffness of the scaffold decreasing as porosity increases, 5 and the mechanical characteristics varying greatly with fluid flux caused by deformation. 6 The porosity and pore architecture in terms of porosity and pore interconnectivity play a significant role in cell survival, proliferation, and migration to fabricate functional hydrogel, and secrete ECM.…”

Density-dependent separation of encapsulated cells in a microfluidic channel by using a standing surface acoustic wave

“…5,[29][30][31] produced highly uniformly sized beads 33 with a complex, multi-layered structure 4 using various biocompatible polymer materials. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] In fact, the dimension of the bead is an essential parameter for determining the biocompatibility and immune response of the encapsulated cells. 35,36 Despite the advancement of microfluidic encapsulation technology, it is difficult to produce polymer beads encapsulating a uniform quantity of cells because of the tendency of cells suspended in a suspending fluid to aggregate.…”

“…[1][2][3] A single cell or cell cluster encapsulated in a biocompatible polymer (alginate, [4][5][6] poly ethylene glycol (PEG), [7][8][9] hyaluronic acid (HA), [10][11][12] etc. [13][14][15][16] ) is a promising tool for tissue engineering applications, such as drug screening, [17][18][19] cell therapy, 20,21 transplantation, [22][23][24] or organ bioprinting. 25 These encapsulated cells can be used in a variety of applications because of their essential features: they are less vulnerable to both mechanical stress and the host's immune system, and their properties are better controllable for the purposes of exchanging nutrients and therapeutic agents than normal cells without encapsulation.…”

“…25 These encapsulated cells can be used in a variety of applications because of their essential features: they are less vulnerable to both mechanical stress and the host's immune system, and their properties are better controllable for the purposes of exchanging nutrients and therapeutic agents than normal cells without encapsulation. 26,27 Cell encapsulation technology has been required to produce mono-disperse polymer beads containing a large quantity of cells (such as embryonic stem cells 13,28 and embryonic carcinoma cells 4,5,18 ). In particular, in cell therapy, including a large number of cells in a bead is advantageous for delivering a sufficient number of cells with a minimum loss in cell viability.…”