A Practical Approach to Imaging of the Supplementary Motor Area and Its Subcortical Connections

Peña, Mar Jiménez de la; Gil‐Robles, Santiago; Vega, Vicente Martínez de; Aracil, Cristina; Acevedo, Agustín; Rodríguez, Manuel Recio

doi:10.1007/s11910-020-01070-2

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…It is well-known that the PMC/SMA is involved in learning and planning postural control and balance recovery (Park et al, 2010;de la Peña et al, 2020). Previous studies have also confirmed that stable posture control is associated with cortical activity in the SMA (Fujita et al, 2016;Herold et al, 2017a;Kumai et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Changes in cortical activation during upright stance in individuals with chronic low back pain: An fNIRS study

Xie

et al. 2023

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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IntroductionPostural control deficits are a potential cause of persistent and recurrent pain in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Although some studies have confirmed that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) contributes to pain regulation in CLBP, its role in the postural control of patients with CLBP remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the DLPFC activation of patients with CLBP and healthy controls under different upright stance task conditions.MethodsTwenty patients with CLBP (26.50 ± 2.48 years) and 20 healthy controls (25.75 ± 3.57 years) performed upright stance tasks under three conditions: Task-1 was static balance with eyes open; Task-2 was static balance with eyes closed; Task-3 involved dynamic balance on an unstable surface with eyes open. A wireless functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) system measured cortical activity, including the bilateral DLPFC, pre-motor cortex (PMC) and supplementary motor area (SMA), the primary motor cortex (M1), the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), and a force platform measured balance parameters during upright stance.ResultsThe two-way repeated measures ANOVA results showed significant interaction in bilateral PMC/SMA activation. Moreover, patients with CLBP had significantly increased right DLPFC activation and higher sway 32 area and velocity than healthy controls during upright stance.DiscussionOur results imply that PMC/SMA and DLPFC maintain standing balance. The patients with CLBP have higher cortical activity and upright stance control deficits, which may indicate that the patients with CLBP have low neural efficiency and need more motor resources to maintain balance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Changes in cortical activation during upright stance in individuals with chronic low back pain: An fNIRS study

Xie

et al. 2023

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Recent studies have also reported blunted activation of the DLPFC in response to value differences in patients with suicide attempts [ 55 ], particularly in well-planned SAs [ 56 ]. The SMA (medial portion of BA 6) is one of the key regions that are functionally linked to form the cognitive control loop [ 57 , 58 ]. Converging neurophysiological and imaging findings indicate that SMA is crucial for correct response inhibition [ 59 , 60 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the temporal dynamics of intrinsic brain activities in depressed adolescents with prior suicide attempts

Cheng,

Chen,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Converging evidence has revealed disturbances in the corticostriatolimic system are associated with suicidal behaviors in adults with major depressive disorder. However, the neurobiological mechanism that confers suicidal vulnerability in depressed adolescents is largely unknown. A total of 86 depressed adolescents with and without prior suicide attempts (SA) and 47 healthy controls underwent resting-state functional imaging (R-fMRI) scans. The dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (dALFF) was measured using sliding window approach. We identified SA-related alterations in dALFF variability primarily in the left middle temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus (MFG), superior frontal gyrus (SFG), right SFG, supplementary motor area (SMA) and insula in depressed adolescents. Notably, dALFF variability in the left MFG and SMA was higher in depressed adolescents with recurrent suicide attempts than in those with a single suicide attempt. Moreover, dALFF variability was capable of generating better diagnostic and prediction models for suicidality than static ALFF. Our findings suggest that alterations in brain dynamics in regions involved in emotional processing, decision-making and response inhibition are associated with an increased risk of suicidal behaviors in depressed adolescents. Furthermore, dALFF variability could serve as a sensitive biomarker for revealing the neurobiological mechanisms underlying suicidal vulnerability.

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“…Neuroimaging studies have confirmed that the SMA is involved in the cognitive process of working memory, executive control and processing speed [ 26 – 28 ]. Through fiber tracking imaging, researchers found that the most important subcortical connection with the SMA included the primary motor area, the cingulate, the corpus callosum, the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and the striatal complex-internal capsule [ 29 ]. It is important to mention that the frontal aslant tract has been identified as a white matter tract connecting the SMA to the IFG, and it was shown to have a role in language function, working memory, social community tasks, attention, and processing [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal brain functional and structural connectivity between the left supplementary motor area and inferior frontal gyrus in moyamoya disease

et al. 2022

BMC Neurol

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Background Disruption of brain functional connectivity has been detected after stroke, but whether it also occurs in moyamoya disease (MMD) is unknown. Impaired functional connectivity is always correlated with abnormal white matter fibers. Herein, we used multimodal imaging techniques to explore the changes in brain functional and structural connectivity in MMD patients. Methods We collected structural images, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging for each subject. Cognitive functions of MMD patients were evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Trail Making Test parts A and B (TMT-A/-B). We calculated the functional connectivity for every paired region using 90 regions of interest from the Anatomical Automatic Labeling Atlas and then determined the differences between MMD patients and HCs. We extracted the functional connectivity of paired brain regions with significant differences between the two groups. Correlation analyses were then performed between the functional connectivity and variable cognitive functions. To explore whether the impaired functional connectivity and cognitive performances were attributed to the destruction of white matter fibers, we further analyzed fiber integrity using tractography between paired regions that were correlated with cognition. Results There was lower functional connectivity in MMD patients as compared to HCs between the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, between the bilateral supramarginal gyrus, between the left supplementary motor area (SMA) and the left orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFGorb), and between the left SMA and the left middle temporal gyrus (P < 0.01, FDR corrected). The decreased functional connectivity between the left SMA and the left IFGorb was significantly correlated with the MMSE (r = 0.52, P = 0.024), MoCA (r = 0.60, P = 0.006), and TMT-B (r = -0.54, P = 0.048) in MMD patients. White matter fibers were also injured between the SMA and IFGorb in the left hemisphere and were positively correlated with reduced functional connectivity. Conclusions Brain functional and structural connectivity between the supplementary motor area and inferior frontal gyrus in the left hemisphere are damaged in MMD. These findings could be useful in the evaluation of disease progression and prognosis of MMD.

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A Practical Approach to Imaging of the Supplementary Motor Area and Its Subcortical Connections

Cited by 7 publications

References 64 publications

Changes in cortical activation during upright stance in individuals with chronic low back pain: An fNIRS study

Changes in cortical activation during upright stance in individuals with chronic low back pain: An fNIRS study

Characterizing the temporal dynamics of intrinsic brain activities in depressed adolescents with prior suicide attempts

Abnormal brain functional and structural connectivity between the left supplementary motor area and inferior frontal gyrus in moyamoya disease

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