A procedure for identification of polyphagous Liriomyza species using enzyme electrophoresis ¹

Abstract

Liriomyza bryoniae, L. strigata, L. huidobrensis, L. trifolii and L. sativae are leafminers of great economic importance. Morphological identification is difficult and only possible in some life stages. Cellulose‐acetate gel electrophoresis provides a method for identification of all five species in each stage of the life cycle. The present paper describes the procedure for electrophoresis. The patterns of genetic variation of diagnostic enzymes and a biochemical key are presented. In addition, the electrophoretic patterns of the three most common parasitoids of Liriomyza are given.

Identification of economically important Liriomyza species by PCR‐RFLP analysis*

“…The specimens with the code LM were provided by L. Oudman (Oudman et al ., 1995) and were obtained between 1990-07 and 1992-08. The identity of the specimens was determined by morphological examination and by isozyme analysis (Oudman et al ., 1995). They were stored at − 80 ° C. The specimens from Taiwan were kindly provided by Cheng-Jen Shih, Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei.…”

“…As these techniques are based on the genotypic characteristics of organisms, which are stable, they can be used to identify all life stages. Furthermore the specimens do not need to be intact or alive, as is the case for isozyme electrophoresis that also has been used for identification of Liriomyza species (Chiu et al ., 2000b;Collins, 1996;Oudman et al ., 1995). Several molecular methods based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been developed for identification of Liriomyza spp.…”

Multiplex real‐time PCR assay for the detection of three invasive leafminer species: Liriomyza huidobrensis, L. sativae and L. trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

“…These three species are not present in New Zealand but pose a significant quarantine threat to New Zealand agricultural and horticultural industries. Some Liriomyza species are morphologically similar even at the adult stage (Scheffer et al ; Oudman et al ); only male adults of these species can be identified with certainty on basis of their genitalia characteristics (Malipatil & Ridland ), which is time consuming and difficult for non‐experts. However, male L. huidobrensis and Liriomyza langei cannot be determined by external or internal morphological characters (Scheffer et al ).…”

“…Several molecular techniques have been developed for identification of Liriomyza species (Zehnder et al ; Menken & Ulenberg ; Oudman et al ; Chiu et al ; Morgan et al ). Starch gel electrophoresis was used to discriminate Liriomyza spp.…”

Molecular identification of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Dipt., Agromyzidae) based on real‐time PCR

“…Enzyme electrophoresis has been used to discriminate L. trifolii from L. sativae (Zehnder et al 1983;Oudman et al 1995). However, this method is less sensitive than DNA methods, and proteins are subject to environmental influences (Hoy 1994;Michael et al 2000).…”