A profile of the immediate endocrine, metabolic and behavioural responses following a dual exposure to endotoxin in early life

Walker, Frederick R.; Brogan, A. J.; Smith, Roger; Hodgson, Deborah M.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.08.030

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Beyond the obvious difference that LPS is not a replicating pathogen, one striking difference between the LPS model and E. coli infection is the pattern of corticosterone production following the challenge: LPS results in a dramatic increase in corticosterone (4 fold or more) the first day of challenge (P3), but virtually complete resistance to subsequent challenge on P5 (Walker et al, 2004a;2004b). Following E. coli infection, concentrations increase 2-3 fold and remain elevated for at least 48 h (Bilbo et al, 2005a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, there are no data, to our knowledge, on depressive-like behavior in adulthood following neonatal LPS. Interestingly, there are reports that P3/P5 LPS increases anxiety-like behavior in adulthood (Breivik et al, 2002;Walker et al, 2004a), which is often associated with depression. In contrast, Spencer et al (2006) report no significant change in adult anxiety following LPS on P7.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial infection early in life protects against stressor-induced depressive-like symptoms in adult rats

Bilbo

Yirmiya

Amat

et al. 2008

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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Both early-life stress and immune system activation in adulthood have been linked independently to depression in a number of studies. However, the relationship between early-life infection, which may be considered a "stressor", and later-life depression has not been explored. We have reported that neonatal bacterial infection in rats leads to exaggerated brain cytokine production, as well as memory impairments, to a subsequent peripheral immune challenge in adulthood, and therefore predicted that stressor-induced depressive-like symptoms would be more severe in these rats as well. Rats treated on postnatal day 4 with PBS or E. coli were as adults exposed to inescapable tailshock stress (IS), and then tested for sucrose preference, social exploration with a juvenile, and overall activity, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days following the stressor. Serum corticosterone and extracellular 5-HT within the basolateral amygdala were measured in a second group of rats in response to the IS. IS resulted in profound depressive-like behaviors in adult rats, but, surprisingly, rats that suffered a bacterial infection early in life had blunted corticosterone responses to the stressor and were remarkably protected from the depressive symptoms compared to controls. These data suggest that early-life infection should be considered within a cost/benefit perspective, in which outcomes in adulthood may be differentially protected or impaired. These data also suggest that the immune system likely plays a previously unsuspected role in "homeostatic" HPA programming and brain development, which may ultimately lend insight into the often-contradictory literature on cytokines, inflammation, and depression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial infection early in life protects against stressor-induced depressive-like symptoms in adult rats

Bilbo

Yirmiya

Amat

et al. 2008

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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“…In adulthood, this increase in glucocorticoids is associated with an increased basal and stress-induced glucocorticoid release [6], which is correlated with a decrease in IL-1 production. These findings indicate that glucocorticoid exposure during fetal life tends to promote a TH2 immunophenotype that is associated with decreased pro-inflammatory, but increased allergic responses to stimulation in later life.…”

Section: Hpa-axis Programming and Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies have shown that the hormonal and metabolic environment during perinatal life can have a profound and persistent influence on outcomes related to body composition, metabolic activity [4], neuroendocrine [5] and immune functioning [6,7], as well as nociceptive sensitivity [8]. The mechanism proposed to be central to these negative health consequences is programming of the HPA axis.…”

Section: Mechanisms Underlying Fetal Programming Of the Hpa Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Prophylactic Role for Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Perinatal Programming of Adult Health

Hodgson

Nakamura

Walker³

2007

Complement Med Res

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The health status of an individual in adulthood is proposed to be determined by events occurring in the prenatal and early postnatal period. A common early life event proven to have long lasting effects on the developing fetus is stress, including pain. Exposure of fetal and neonatal infants to repetitive psychological (e.g., maternal stress) or physiological (e.g., pain, infection, and noise) stress during this period is proposed to alter mechanisms involved in the regulation of stress, immunological maturation, pain perception, and cognition. Such changes, which persist into adulthood, may occur via alterations in the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This process is typically referred to as ‘perinatal programming’. Ontogenic alterations in the development of the HPA-axis have been related to a number of adult pathologies such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, asthma, as well as psychopathologies such as anxiety and depression. Objective: In this review, the effectiveness of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), such as music, dietary supplements, massage and aromatherapy, in reducing perinatal stress in mothers and infants is examined. An emphasis is placed on these therapies as preventative measures which may be of value to individuals at risk of developing disease profiles associated with the consequences of adverse perinatal programming. The widening interest in perinatal programming and CAM suggests the potential for CAM to become a valuable tool in offsetting negative adult health outcomes resulting from perinatal programming associated with adverse gestational early life environments.

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“…Early immune challenge has emerged as a model of early-life adversity with a distinct focus on the impact of immune activation during CNS development on stress-related phenotypes [7] . Postnatal challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell wall constituent of gram-negative bacteria, during the first week of life (postnatal day (P)3 and 5) enhances the adult neuroendocrine and behavioral response to stress [8,9] and increases basal or stress-induced anxiety-related behaviors [10] . Male and female rodents have different susceptibility to the acute [4] and long-term consequences of LPS challenge [3,11] with a recent study demonstrating clear differences in anxiety-related behaviors of adult male and female LPS-challenged rats [12] .…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of early life immune challenge on behavior and microglia during postnatal development

Sidor¹,

Halgren²,

Foster

2014

Inflamm Cell Signal

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Sexual dichotomy exists in the development, presentation, and course of many neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety. Anxiety disorders are one of the earliest psychiatric illnesses to manifest and a role for immune system programming of the developing CNS has emerged in relation to anxiety. Adult rodents neonatally exposed to an immune challenge exhibit increased anxiety-related behaviors. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of postnatal immune challenge on behavior and microglia during the postnatal period and in adulthood. Mice were administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0.05mg/kg, i.p.) or saline on postnatal days (P) three and five. Anxiety-related behavior was assessed during early development on P15 and P21, and re-assessed in adulthood at 10 and 12 weeks. Results reveal sex-specificity in the temporal emergence and phenotypic profile of behaviors displayed by LPS-treated mice. Male LPS-treated mice exhibited reduced exploratory in early development (P15 and P21) that persisted into adulthood. Female LPS-mice exhibited increased anxiety-like behaviors in the EPM in adulthood. These results demonstrate a role for interactions between sex and the immune system in shaping the developmental trajectory of exploratory and anxiety-like behaviors. Keywords

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A profile of the immediate endocrine, metabolic and behavioural responses following a dual exposure to endotoxin in early life

Cited by 32 publications

References 45 publications

Bacterial infection early in life protects against stressor-induced depressive-like symptoms in adult rats

Bacterial infection early in life protects against stressor-induced depressive-like symptoms in adult rats

Prophylactic Role for Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Perinatal Programming of Adult Health

The impact of early life immune challenge on behavior and microglia during postnatal development

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