A progression of approximations to internal models of complex visuo-motor transformations

Heuer, Herbert; Sülzenbrück, Sandra

doi:10.1016/j.humov.2012.01.004

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…), and since the visual targets were located along the diagonals, the participants were possibly reversing the visual targets around the horizontal or vertical axis to make reaching movements, resulting in a 90° shift. Such adaptive pattern was observed previously as a simplified transformation pattern in complex visuomotor transformations [37,48] (see also [49] for a visuomotor rotation).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Eye-Hand Coordination during Visuomotor Adaptation with Different Rotation Angles: Effects of Terminal Visual Feedback

Rand

Rentsch

2016

PLoS ONE

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This study examined adaptive changes of eye-hand coordination during a visuomotor rotation task under the use of terminal visual feedback. Young adults made reaching movements to targets on a digitizer while looking at targets on a monitor where the rotated feedback (a cursor) of hand movements appeared after each movement. Three rotation angles (30°, 75° and 150°) were examined in three groups in order to vary the task difficulty. The results showed that the 30° group gradually reduced direction errors of reaching with practice and adapted well to the visuomotor rotation. The 75° group made large direction errors of reaching, and the 150° group applied a 180° reversal shift from early practice. The 75°and 150° groups, however, overcompensated the respective rotations at the end of practice. Despite these group differences in adaptive changes of reaching, all groups gradually adapted gaze directions prior to reaching from the target area to the areas related to the final positions of reaching during the course of practice. The adaptive changes of both hand and eye movements in all groups mainly reflected adjustments of movement directions based on explicit knowledge of the applied rotation acquired through practice. Only the 30° group showed small implicit adaptation in both effectors. The results suggest that by adapting gaze directions from the target to the final position of reaching based on explicit knowledge of the visuomotor rotation, the oculomotor system supports the limb-motor system to make precise preplanned adjustments of reaching directions during learning of visuomotor rotation under terminal visual feedback.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Eye-Hand Coordination during Visuomotor Adaptation with Different Rotation Angles: Effects of Terminal Visual Feedback

Rand

Rentsch

2016

PLoS ONE

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“…An internal model of a point-symmetric transformation should be acquired even faster. This is what Heuer and Sülzenbrück (2012c) observed, as shown in Figure 5. In fact, with the point-symmetric transformation accuracy of movements with terminal visual feedback was best from the very start and did not improve during practice.…”

Section: Internal Models Of Complex Visuo-motor Transformationssupporting

confidence: 81%

“… Euclidean errors during practice with terminal visual feedback and three different transformations, the one of the sliding first-order lever, a line-symmetric one, and a point-symmetric one (after Heuer and Sülzenbrück, 2012c) .…”

Section: Internal Models Of Complex Visuo-motor Transformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards mastery of complex visuo-motor transformations

Heuer¹,

Sülzenbrück²

2013

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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In this paper we review and integrate a set of findings on learning the transformation of a sliding first-order lever, a type of tool with a prominent role in minimal access surgery. Its kinematic transformation is characterized by the so-called fulcrum effect, the inversion of the movement direction of the tip of the lever relative to that of the hand for rotations. A second characteristic is gain anisotropy, which results in curved paths of the tip of the lever for straight paths of the hand and vice versa. An internal model of the kinematic transformation is acquired during practice, the accuracy of which can be assessed in visual open-loop test trials. The accuracy of the acquired internal model is enhanced when visual closed-loop control during practice is impeded, and the accuracy of the internal model is reduced when closed-loop control during practice is facilitated. The internal model consists of a rapidly acquired line-symmetric approximation to the transformation of the sliding lever and a slowly acquired fine tuning. The fine tuning is local, that is, it is specific for the region of the workspace encountered during practice. The internal model is transferred to other regions of the workspace, but not adjusted to the fine tuning appropriate for these regions. Whereas the symmetry approximation is most likely explicit, the fine tuning seems to be represented implicitly. Findings on the straightness of the paths of the tip of the lever and the hand suggest that the internal model of the transformation is confined to initial and final positions of aimed movements, whereas their path is not strictly controlled, but affected by the dynamic transformation of the tool. Only when visual closed-loop control is possible, the path of the effective part of the tool is straightened. These characteristics of the internal model of the sliding first-order lever and its acquisition may be partly specific to sufficiently complex extrinsic transformations that arise from mechanical or electronic extensions of the body.

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“…The slow process then produces a graded shift to the smaller correct rotation. A similar combination of discrete and continuous processes has been hypothesized for adaptation to right-left reversal [7] and for the acquisition of the internal model [8]–[9] of the complex kinematic transformation of a sliding first-order lever [10]–[12]. At first glance the transformation of a sliding first-order lever may appear as a somewhat esoteric object of study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The characteristics of the internal model of the transformation of the tool can be assessed when visual feedback is turned off [8], [20]–[22]. Based on performance in visual open-loop trials, a rapid and a slow process have been claimed to contribute to the acquisition of the internal model [10]–[12]. The rapid process should result in a discrete line-symmetric approximation of the transformation, whereas the slow process should consist of a graded fine tuning of the internal model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Part-Task Training as Evidence of Distinct Adaptive Processes with Different Time Scales

Sülzenbrück

Heuer

2013

PLoS ONE

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For some types of visuo-motor transformations like large visuo-motor rotations or the complex transformation of a sliding first-order lever, distinct adaptive processes have been hypothesized that produce a rapid, discrete approximation of the transformation and a slow, graded fine tuning, respectively. Here we investigate whether part-task training of only the second of these processes, namely the fine tuning, transfers to the subsequent performance in a condition with the full transformation of the sliding first-order lever. Therefore, we compared performance of three groups with different practice conditions during transfer to the full transformation. While two groups only practiced the fine tuning without the right-left inversion of the lever prior to transfer, a third group practiced the full lever transformation. Our results show a positive, but less than perfect transfer of the isolated practice of the fine tuning on performance with the full transformation. For the fine tuning itself, transfer was not reliably different from being perfect. The observation that the fine tuning can be acquired separately and added to the later adaptation to the left-right inversion of the lever supports the notion that these slow and fast processes progress rather independently. The additional finding that the preceding acquisition of the fine tuning also facilitates the subsequent rapid process could be due to generalized learning-to-learn or to a more precise assignment of movement errors to the process from which they originate.

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A progression of approximations to internal models of complex visuo-motor transformations

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Eye-Hand Coordination during Visuomotor Adaptation with Different Rotation Angles: Effects of Terminal Visual Feedback

Eye-Hand Coordination during Visuomotor Adaptation with Different Rotation Angles: Effects of Terminal Visual Feedback

Towards mastery of complex visuo-motor transformations

Effective Part-Task Training as Evidence of Distinct Adaptive Processes with Different Time Scales

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