À propos d'un cours inédit de michel foucault sur l'analyse existentielle de ludwig binswanger (Lille 1953-54)

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze Michel Foucault's position toward phenomenological psychology and psychopathology during the 1950s, in light of the new documentary sources available today. Our investigation is especially focused on one of the courses given by Foucault at the University of Lille between 1952 and 1954, namely, the course on "Binswanger and phenomenology" (1953-54). The analysis of this course, which was conceived by Foucault within the context of a philosophical reflection on the anthropological problem of psychopathology, will finally allow us to re-ascribe Foucault the place he deserves in the field of "philosophy of psychiatry".

Foucault’s Critique of the Human Sciences in the 1950s: Between Psychology and Philosophy

“…In Maladie mentale et personnalite´, as well as in the Introduction to Le reˆve et l'existence, Foucault shows a great interest in the diverse models and methods of the psychopathological discourse -in particular, the anthropological approach of phenomenological psychiatry -while from Folie et de´raison, he strongly criticizes every form of 'psychology of madness' (Foucault, 1987: 74). Such a conceptual break has led some scholars to consider Foucault's first productions as merely occasional writings inspired either by the intellectual network of Foucault's family -especially through Jacqueline Verdeaux (Eribon, 1991;Basso, 2015aBasso, , 2016 -or as an attempt to secure an academic future in the French philosophical-phenomenological context of that time (Pestan˜a, 2006). Now, the access to Foucault's private working archive of the 1950s could at last enable researchers to investigate this outward break, in order to better understand the development and the evolution of Foucault's theoretical concerns. In what follows, we will start by interweaving Foucault's biography with the new archival resources, with the aim of gaining a more profound and original understanding of the first steps of the philosopher's intellectual itinerary.…”

La perspectiva antropológica en Michel Foucault y Ludwing Binswanger. Existencia, imaginación y facticidad

“…Este preconcepto generalmente ha derivado en análisis poco rigurosos de la IB. 1 A excepción de los notorios trabajo de Basso (2012;2016a;2016b), pocos son los autores que la han analizado de manera íntegra (Chebili, 2005;Gros, 2000;Moreno Pestaña, 2006;Revel, 1992;Smyth, 2011). Sí existen trabajos más numerosos sobre la relación entre la obra de Foucault y la fenomenología (Babich, 2009;Castro, 1995;Dreyfus & Rabinow, 2001;Lebrun, 1989;Micieli, 2003;Milchman & Rosenberg, 2003;Rayner, 2010;Visker, 1999;Zougrana, 1998), pero estos se centran en el tratamiento de la misma en Les motes et les choses (1966), o bien en el análisis de la presencia de la figura de Heidegger en la conceptualización foucaulteana de la historia y del poder.…”

Complicités et ambivalences de la psychiatrie

“…Lors de leur visite à Münsterlingen en mars, Foucault et Jacqueline Verdeaux sont près de compléter la traduction de cet ouvrage, dont ils souhaitent discuter de vive voix avec Binswanger. Grâce à la médiation de [10,11]. L'un des problèmes principaux qui occupent l'esprit du philosophe à cette époque est ce qu'il appelle, dans ses manuscrits, le « problème critique de la totalité » 5 .…”