A proposed method for assessing plasma hypertonicity in vivo

Stookey, J D; Burg, Maurice B.; Sellmeyer, D E; Greenleaf, J. E.; Arieff, Allen I.; hove, Luc Van den; Gardner, Christopher D.; King, J

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602481

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It was observed that hematological parameters of control rats were normal. The decrease noticed in hematological parameters of the diabetic rats as it was shown in Tables 3a and 3b especially after administration of STZ is in agreement with a study that called it an indication of abnormal hemoglobin synthesis [32], failure of blood osmoregulation, and plasma osmolarity were also reported by Stookey et al (2007). More improvement in hematological parameters were noticed in rats treated with insulin and gliclazide which are slightly increase compared with rats in diabetic group as shown in Tables 3a and 3b which are consistence with the previous study that Short-term administration of gliclazide to patients with T2DM lowers the adhesion of diabetic monocytes, the oxidized low-density lipoprotein and glycated albumin-induced monocyte adhesion to ECs (endothelial cells), known to be a critical step in the atherosclerotic process [33].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Indices in Pregnant Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats Treated with Gliclazide and Insulin

Oluwaseun¹,

Kolawole²,

Jacob³

et al. 2018

JPP

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Abstract:Introduction: GDM (gestational diabetes mellitus) is a common complication of pregnancy, and prevalence has become alarming. Insulin remains the cornerstone in management of diabetes mellitus but oral agents have been increasingly viewed as potential alternatives to insulin because it's economically low in cost, easier to administer and affordable to monitor compare to insulin. Aim: This study aimed to determine the effects of Gliclazide on the heart cytoarchitectonic and some biochemical indices of pregnant STZ (streptozotocin)-induced diabetic rats compare with insulin. Methods: Twenty (20) pregnant Sprague Dawley rats weighing between 130 g and 150 g were used for the experiments. The rats were divided into four (4) groups: Group 1 (Non-diabetic), Group 2 (Diabetic), Group 3 (Diabetic + Gliclazide) and Group 4 (Diabetic + Insulin). The glucose levels and body weights were monitoring daily. The experimental rats were sacrificed on the 19th on gestational period, blood samples and organs were collected for biochemical and histo-morphological examinations. Results: Gliclazide group rats showed significant increase in body weight compared with diabetic group (p ≤ 0.05). The blood glucose level of rats in gliclazide group was significantly reduced compared with other groups. There was significant increase in reduced GSH (glutathione) of gliclazide and insulin groups compared with diabetic group. MDA (malondialdehyde) and CAT (catalase) levels activities were significantly increase in diabetic group compared with other groups. Hormonal profiles and hematological parameters are significantly increased in gliclazide, and insulin group compared with diabetic group. There were distortions in the structural organization of heart of diabetic group while gliclazide and insulin groups showed remarkable improvements of the degenerative changes of the myocardium. Conclusions: Gliclazide glycemic control has shown beneficial effects on the cardiomyocytes damage in STZ-induced diabetic rats by maintaining the histological integrity of the heart leading to reduced degenerative changes in the myocardium.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Indices in Pregnant Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats Treated with Gliclazide and Insulin

Oluwaseun¹,

Kolawole²,

Jacob³

et al. 2018

JPP

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“…The MCH, MCHC and HGB values in diabetic group rats showed significant decrease in accordance with prior hematological studies reporting anemia as a pathophysiological complication of diabetes mellitus (72). This reduction is probably because of blood osmoregulation defect and abnormal synthesis of hemoglobin (HGB) (73). HCT was not significantly changed in diabetic rats in comparison to normal rats (p>0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Hematological and Serum Biochemical Analysis of Streptozotocin-Induced Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Male Adult Wistar Rats

Yakhchalian

Mohammadian

Hatami

et al. 2018

Preprint

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BackgroundThis investigation is concentrated on how hematological and serum biochemical markers would change in streptozotocin-induced Insulin-Dependent diabetes mellitus(IDDM) in male adult wistar rats. Hematological parameters, serum protein electrophoresis parameters and hepatic transaminases level (SGOT-SGPT) were all measured in both control group rats (N=6) and diabetic group rats (N=6) and comparison between two groups was performed. Material and MethodSingle dose intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg dose of streptozotocin(STZ) in male adult wistar rats, induces extensive necrosis in langerhans β-cell islets, because of its cytotoxicity. Experimental diabetes mellitus can be induced completely in less than 72 hours after STZ intraperitoneal injection. Streptozotocin(STZ) was purchased from Sigma company. Diabetic and control group rats were kept separately in different metabolic cages, and their blood glucose(BG), hematological parameters, serum protein electrophoretic pattern and hepatic transaminases level were analyzed and comparison was done. ResultsIn our investigation, Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus(IDDM) was completely induced one week after single intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg BW. Diabetes mellitus induction was verified by measuring fasting plasma glucose level in blood samples of rats. Level of blood glucose, hematological parameters, serum protein electrophoretic pattern and hepatic transaminase enzymes level, were all measured. In diabetic group rats level of blood glucose (BG), hepatic transaminase enzymes (SGOT & SGPT), serum α1-globulin and β-globulin were significantly increased but in albumin, albumin/globulin ratio (A/G ratio) and serum α2-globulin a significant decrease was observed in diabetic rats in comparison with normal rats. ConclusionExtensive inflammation and tissue necrosis induced following diabetes mellitus induction in rats. Significant alterations were observed in serum protein electrophoresis fractions and hepatic transaminase enzymes level due to streptozotocin cytotoxic impacts on some tissues specifically liver.Because of extensive β-cells necrosis and degeneration caused by streptozotocin exposure, high level of blood glucose(diabetic hyperglycemia) was observed in diabetic rats. This type of experimentally induced diabetes mellitus would highly affect hematological parameters. Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus induced by streptozotocin, can lead to anemia, neutrophilia and lymphocytosis and also has decreasing effects on red blood cell indices (HGB, MCV, MCH, MCHC) in diabetic group rats.

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“…In daily life, overnight water restriction, solute intake at meals, and insensible (via skin and lungs) and obligatory (via urine) water loss routinely create osmotic stress that draws water out of cells [18–21]. In free-living children aged 9–11y, hyperosmotic cell shrinkage is prevalent [22] and associated with not drinking water [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative and/or Quantitative Drinking Water Recommendations for Pediatric Obesity Treatment

Stookey¹

2014

J Obes Weight Loss Ther

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Objective The qualitative recommendation to ‘drink water instead of caloric beverages’ may facilitate pediatric obesity treatment by lowering total energy intake. The quantitative recommendation to ‘drink enough water to dilute urine’ might further facilitate weight loss by increasing fat oxidation via cell hydration-mediated changes in insulin. Methods This 8 week randomized intervention tested whether both qualitative-plus-quantitative (QQ) drinking water recommendations result in more weight loss than the qualitative recommendation alone (Q) in 25 children (9–12y) with body mass index at or above the 85th Percentile, given a reduced glycemic diet and usual physical activity. Random urine osmolality, saliva insulin, and body weight were assessed weekly. Mixed models explored if insulin mediated an effect of urine osmolality on weight loss. Results In intention-to-treat analyses, QQ and Q participants did not differ significantly with respect to level of urine osmolality, saliva insulin, or weight loss. Only 4 out of 16 QQ participants complied with instruction to drink enough water to dilute urine, however. In completers analyses, the compliant QQ participants, who diluted urine osmolality from 910 ± 161 mmol/kg at baseline to below 500 mmol/kg over time (8 week mean±SE: 450 ± 67 mmol/kg), had significantly lower saliva insulin over time (8 week mean±SE: 13 ± 8 pmol/l vs. 22 ± 4 pmol/l) and greater weight loss (mean ± SE: −3.3 ± 0.7kg vs. −2.0 ± 0.5 kg) than compliant Q participants (7 out of 9 participants) who maintained elevated urine osmolality over time (8- week mean±SE: 888 ± 41 mmol/kg). Urine osmolality below 500 mmol/kg was significantly associated with weight loss. Change in saliva insulin partially explained the association. Conclusions QQ recommendations may increase weight loss for those able to dilute urine. Work is warranted to pursue cell hydration effects of drinking water for pediatric obesity treatment.

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A proposed method for assessing plasma hypertonicity in vivo

Cited by 32 publications

References 25 publications

Indices in Pregnant Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats Treated with Gliclazide and Insulin

Indices in Pregnant Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats Treated with Gliclazide and Insulin

Hematological and Serum Biochemical Analysis of Streptozotocin-Induced Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Male Adult Wistar Rats

Qualitative and/or Quantitative Drinking Water Recommendations for Pediatric Obesity Treatment

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