Hematological and Serum Biochemical Analysis of Streptozotocin-Induced Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Male Adult Wistar Rats

Abstract

BackgroundThis investigation is concentrated on how hematological and serum biochemical markers would change in streptozotocin-induced Insulin-Dependent diabetes mellitus(IDDM) in male adult wistar rats. Hematological parameters, serum protein electrophoresis parameters and hepatic transaminases level (SGOT-SGPT) were all measured in both control group rats (N=6) and diabetic group rats (N=6) and comparison between two groups was performed. Material and MethodSingle dose intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg dose of streptozotocin(STZ) in male adult wistar rats, induces extensive necrosis in langerhans β-cell islets, because of its cytotoxicity. Experimental diabetes mellitus can be induced completely in less than 72 hours after STZ intraperitoneal injection. Streptozotocin(STZ) was purchased from Sigma company. Diabetic and control group rats were kept separately in different metabolic cages, and their blood glucose(BG), hematological parameters, serum protein electrophoretic pattern and hepatic transaminases level were analyzed and comparison was done. ResultsIn our investigation, Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus(IDDM) was completely induced one week after single intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg BW. Diabetes mellitus induction was verified by measuring fasting plasma glucose level in blood samples of rats. Level of blood glucose, hematological parameters, serum protein electrophoretic pattern and hepatic transaminase enzymes level, were all measured. In diabetic group rats level of blood glucose (BG), hepatic transaminase enzymes (SGOT & SGPT), serum α1-globulin and β-globulin were significantly increased but in albumin, albumin/globulin ratio (A/G ratio) and serum α2-globulin a significant decrease was observed in diabetic rats in comparison with normal rats. ConclusionExtensive inflammation and tissue necrosis induced following diabetes mellitus induction in rats. Significant alterations were observed in serum protein electrophoresis fractions and hepatic transaminase enzymes level due to streptozotocin cytotoxic impacts on some tissues specifically liver.Because of extensive β-cells necrosis and degeneration caused by streptozotocin exposure, high level of blood glucose(diabetic hyperglycemia) was observed in diabetic rats. This type of experimentally induced diabetes mellitus would highly affect hematological parameters. Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus induced by streptozotocin, can lead to anemia, neutrophilia and lymphocytosis and also has decreasing effects on red blood cell indices (HGB, MCV, MCH, MCHC) in diabetic group rats.

Effect of Zingiber officinale and Nigella sativa on Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats with Reference to Biochemical and Hematological Studies

“…This agrees with existing literature showed a significant decrease in RBCs count, hematocrit and hemoglobin levels following STZ administration [57][58][59]. Numerous studies documented this anemia to increase in lipid peroxidation of the cell membrane of RBCs, which could elevate the rigidity of plasma membrane, impair RBCs deformability, and reduce erythrocytic survival [60]. Other reports declared that the diabetic anemia was due to increased non-enzymatic glycosylation of RBC membrane proteins, associated with hyperglycemia [61], and this caused increased development of lipid Zag Vet J, Volume 48, Number 3, p. 306-318, September 2020 Ibrahim et al, (2020) 313 peroxides that could cause damage to the membrane of RBCs, hemolysis of RBCs and subsequently decrease in the count of RBCs and hemoglobin levels [59,62].…”

“…Stress leukocytosis associated with diabetic animals was confirmed by previous studies [55,56,68]. Also, leukocytosis in both of the polymorphonuclears and mononuclears count reported in diabetic rats group could be induced by glycation end products [60]. Glucose interaction with amino protein groups, derivatives called "Advanced Glycation End Products (AGE)" has been shown to enhance some angiogenic and inflammatory cytokine expression including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8), and this process could be the reason for leukocyte activation and growth.…”

Morphology and Chromic Status of Red Blood Cells Are Significantly Influenced by Gestational Diabetes

“…These molecular events cause irreversible cross-linking of the cytoskeletal proteins and consequently disrupt RBC's membrane elasticity and functionality, ultimately leading to shortening of their life-span [11]. Moreover, hyperglycemia negatively impacts the RBCs both structurally and functionally that may lead to various hematological disorders [12]. The structural changes in the plasma membrane compromise its membrane integrity, flexibility and deformability, and the cells become hypercoagulable and adherent.…”

Effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Vinca major L. on biochemical parameters and glucose level of alloxan induced diabetic rats

“…The observations made on lipid profile parameters in this study could be indication of the salvage power of V. major leaf extract on diabetic dyslipidaemia. Different authors have noted that hepatic dysfunction is among the abnormalities of diabetic condition (Yakhchalian et al, 2018). There are increasing evidence on occurrence of hepatic necrosis and inflammation induced by diabetes mellitus pathogenesis (West, 2000;Kyle et al, 2002).…”