A proposed test of temporal nonlocality in bistable perception

Atmanspacher, Harald; Filk, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2009.12.001

Cited by 94 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The temporal analysis of bi-stable perception has been suggested as primary experimental approach for the understanding of the dynamics of mental states (Atmanspacher and Filk, 2010). In essence, an ongoing competition between the neural representations of the two aspects of an ambiguous figure, such as the Necker cube, has to be resolved leading to the experience of one of the two perspectives at a given point in time.…”

Section: The Experienced Momentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moments in Time

Wittmann¹

2011

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

128

136

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It has been suggested that perception and action can be understood as evolving in temporal epochs or sequential processing units. Successive events are fused into units forming a unitary experience or “psychological present.” Studies have identified several temporal integration levels on different time scales which are fundamental for our understanding of behavior and subjective experience. In recent literature concerning the philosophy and neuroscience of consciousness these separate temporal processing levels are not always precisely distinguished. Therefore, empirical evidence from psychophysics and neuropsychology on these distinct temporal processing levels is presented and discussed within philosophical conceptualizations of time experience. On an elementary level, one can identify a functional moment, a basic temporal building block of perception in the range of milliseconds that defines simultaneity and succession. Below a certain threshold temporal order is not perceived, individual events are processed as co-temporal. On a second level, an experienced moment, which is based on temporal integration of up to a few seconds, has been reported in many qualitatively different experiments in perception and action. It has been suggested that this segmental processing mechanism creates temporal windows that provide a logistical basis for conscious representation and the experience of nowness. On a third level of integration, continuity of experience is enabled by working memory in the range of multiple seconds allowing the maintenance of cognitive operations and emotional feelings, leading to mental presence, a temporal window of an individual’s experienced presence.

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Section: The Experienced Momentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moments in Time

Wittmann¹

2011

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

128

136

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“…It has been shown that the model of GQT can be used to describe some processes in the cognitive system, in particular with regard to bistable perception (Atmanspacher et al 2004(Atmanspacher et al , 2008(Atmanspacher et al , 2009Atmanspacher and Filk 2010;Filk, in this issue). Many other working groups using different theoretical frameworks have shown quantumlike characteristics of various cognitive processes (Aerts et al 2000(Aerts et al , 2009, in particular probabilistic inference problems (Busemeyer and Trueblood 2009), thinking in polarities (e.g.…”

Section: Other Cognitive Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalised Quantum Theory—Basic Idea and General Intuition: A Background Story and Overview

Walach

Stillfried

2011

Axiomathes

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Science is always presupposing some basic concepts that are held to be useful. These absolute presuppositions (Collingwood) are rarely debated and form the framework for what has been termed ''paradigm'' by Kuhn. Our currently accepted scientific model is predicated on a set of presuppositions that have difficulty accommodating holistic structures and relationships and are not geared towards incorporating non-local correlations. Since the theoretical models we hold also determine what we perceive and take as scientifically viable, it is important to look for an alternative model that can deal with holistic relationships. One approach is to generalise algebraic quantum theory, which is an inherently holistic framework, into a generic model. Relaxing some restrictions and definitions from quantum theory proper yields an axiomatic framework that can be applied to any type of system. Most importantly, it keeps the core of the quantum theoretical formalism. It is capable of handling complementary observables, i.e. descriptors which are non-commuting, incompatible and yet collectively required to fully describe certain situations. It also predicts a generalised form of non-local correlations that in quantum theory are known as entanglement. This generalised version is not quantum entanglement but an analogue form of holistic, non-local connectedness of elements within systems, predicted to occur whenever elements within systems are described by observables which are complementary to the description of the whole system. While a considerable body of circumstantial evidence supports the plausibility of the model, we are not yet in a position to use it for clear cut predictions that could be experimentally falsified. The series of papers offered in this special issue are the beginning of what we hope will become a rich scientific debate.

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“…Whereas non-local temporal effects are intensely investigated in quantum physics (e.g., Olson and Ralph, 2012; Aharonov et al, 2014), there are still only few analyses of this type applied to human cognition. Atmanspacher and Filk (2010, 2012, 2013) were probably the first to test temporal non-locality to bistable perception applying their Necker–Zeno model which requires three different measures. Similarly, Asano et al (2014), derived an analog of the Leggett and Garg (1985) inequality, “contextual LG inequality,” and used it as a test of “quantum-likeness” of statistical data collected in a series of experiments on recognition of ambiguous figures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A macroscopic violation of no-signaling in time inequalities? How to test temporal entanglement with behavioral observables

et al. 2015

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In this paper we applied for the first time the no-signaling in time (NSIT) formalism discussed by Kofler and Brukner (2013) to investigate temporal entanglement between binary human behavioral unconscious choices at t1 with binary random outcomes at t2. NSIT consists of a set of inequalities and represents mathematical conditions for macro-realism which require only two measurements in time. The analyses of three independent experiments show a strong violation of NSIT in two out of three of them, suggesting the hypothesis of a quantum-like temporal entanglement between human choices at t1 with binary random outcomes at t2. We discuss the potentialities of using NSIT to test temporal entanglement with behavioral measures.

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A proposed test of temporal nonlocality in bistable perception

Cited by 94 publications

References 36 publications

Moments in Time

Moments in Time

Generalised Quantum Theory—Basic Idea and General Intuition: A Background Story and Overview

A macroscopic violation of no-signaling in time inequalities? How to test temporal entanglement with behavioral observables

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