A Prospective Comparative Observational Study on Safety, Efficacy and Cost Effectiveness of Insulin and Their Analogues

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare safety, efficacy and cost effectiveness of insulin and their analogues when compared with human insulin in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out in a multispecialty hospital. The inpatients and outpatients from general medicine and endocrinology departments were included in our study for a period of 6 mo. The diabetic profile such as FBS, PPBS, HbA1c and body weight of the diabetic patients at the initial visit and follow up visit was documented.Results: This study showed a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c, PPBS, and FBS levels from the baseline in insulin analogue users. It was found that, insulin analogue with metformin showed statistical improvement (P<0.05) in FBS, PPBS, HbA1c as well as body weight and also found to be a cost-effective treatment according to Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) decision matrix. Conclusion:This study concluded that type 2 diabetes patients underlined with the treatment using insulin analogue showed a better glycemic control when compared to human insulin. Metformin was the better OHA option in type-2 diabetes mellitus when compared with sulphonylureas and also metformin showed less weight gain than sulphonylureas.

Formulation and in Vitro Characterisation of Glucose-Responsive Nanocapsules for the Delivery of M-Insulin

“…The current treatment for patients suffering from T1DM involves glucose measurements and insulin injections multiple times a day [8]. Many types of insulins, such as long-acting, intermediate-acting, short-acting and rapidlyacting, are already available [9][10][11][12]. The regular administration of insulin to patients is not only painful and inconvenient, but the fluctuations in the glycemic levels also lead to the development of secondary diabetes-associated complications.…”