Aim: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth most common type of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Sorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor that is used for unresectable advanced HCC. It is only approved systemic therapy for advanced HCC. Methods: A retrospective prospective study conducted in a multispeciality hospital with 50 patients who received sorafenib. The primary outcome of the study was to find out the survival rate of patients treated with sorafenib. The secondary outcome of the study was to explore the efficacy and safety of sorafenib in a progression of HCC. Results: The median overall survival in the Indian population was found as 114 days (3.8 months) after sorafenib therapy. The efficacy of the drug sorafenib was assessed by the survival days which were based on the changes in laboratory values such as haematological and clinical biochemistry. The adverse drug reaction documented in this study was vomiting, abdominal pain; fatigue; anorexia; hyperbilirubinemia; diarrhoea; hand-foot syndrome; rash; rectal bleeding; insomnia; constipation; thrombocytopenia and abdominal discomfort. Conclusion: Sorafenib improves the overall survival of the patients with advanced HCC in Indian population up to 3.8 months. It is a safe and effective treatment for patients with advanced HCC in Indian population. The survival of patients was found to be depended on the liver function.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare safety, efficacy and cost effectiveness of insulin and their analogues when compared with human insulin in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out in a multispecialty hospital. The inpatients and outpatients from general medicine and endocrinology departments were included in our study for a period of 6 mo. The diabetic profile such as FBS, PPBS, HbA1c and body weight of the diabetic patients at the initial visit and follow up visit was documented.Results: This study showed a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c, PPBS, and FBS levels from the baseline in insulin analogue users. It was found that, insulin analogue with metformin showed statistical improvement (P<0.05) in FBS, PPBS, HbA1c as well as body weight and also found to be a cost-effective treatment according to Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) decision matrix. Conclusion:This study concluded that type 2 diabetes patients underlined with the treatment using insulin analogue showed a better glycemic control when compared to human insulin. Metformin was the better OHA option in type-2 diabetes mellitus when compared with sulphonylureas and also metformin showed less weight gain than sulphonylureas.