Objectives: To identify potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) using Beers criteria 2015 and to recommend safer alternative medication for the above. To assess the medication adherence in geriatric patients and to categorize according to their adherence.Methods: This is prospective, interventional study. A total of 90 patients aged 65 years and above were involved in the study. Data were collected and recorded. The prescriptions were analyzed for appropriateness using updated Beers criteria 2015 and assess medication adherence using 8-item Morisky questionnaire. Results:Majority of the patients were in the age group of 65-74 years. Males (53%) showed predominance than females. The highest rate of (53%) polypharmacy was found in general medicine department than other departments. Out of 147 disease conditions observed, chronic renal failure (21.1%) was the most common condition. A total of 66 patients had comorbid conditions. Most frequently prescribed medications belonged to cardiovascular drugs (56; 14.62%). A total of 46 patients received PIMs; majority belonged to Category 1 -amitriptyline. Commonly prescribed medication in PIMs belonged to central nervous system medications (20%). Majority of patients were low adherent (51.11%) in which female patients showed preponderance in low adherence. Conclusion:Study showed prevalence of disease pattern, medication use, polypharmacy, PIMs, and medication adherence. It is important for pharmacists to stay updated and prescribers need to be educated and encouraged about Beers criteria for rational prescription for better pharmaceutical care and increased medication adherence.

Objective: The objectives of the study are to evaluate the medication knowledge and medication adherence in patients undergoing haemodialysis and to educate the patients regarding the importance of medication adherence through counseling by providing Patient Information Leaflets and to analyze its impact. Methods: 50 Patients were randomly divided into two groups (control and test). Patient data was collected and documented using the patient data collection form after obtaining their consent. Their knowledge and medication adherence were assessed using questionnaires and was quantified. Patients included in the test group were counseled using Patient Information Leaflets whereas the control group was not counseled. Re-assessment was done during follow up for both groups. Results: Paired t-test was done to check if there was a significant difference in both the test and control group, with and without the use of Patient Information Leaflets respectively. The study showed that the test group had significant improvement (P<0.05) in their medication adherence and knowledge whereas there was no significant change in the control group. Conclusion: Providing patient counseling and continuous education with efforts to improve awareness among haemodialysis patients could enhance adherence to therapies and thus could improve clinical outcomes and quality of life.

Objectives: To assess the patient medication adherence using 8 item morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS). To categorize patients based on their adherence to antidiabetic medications into low, medium, and high adherent. To provide educational interventions such as patient counseling using teach-back method, patient medication information leaflet, and audio-visual aids and thus to improve the patient medication adherence. Methods:After obtaining informed consent from the patients, data of the patients were recorded in data collection forms. Their adherence to antidiabetic medication was evaluated using 8 item MMAS and patients were categorized into low, medium, and high adherence groups based on the score. Counseling was done based on the categorization (high, medium, and low). During review, again adherence was rechecked using 8 item MMAS.Results: Medication adherence was measured using 8 item MMAS on review and adherence was found to be improved using different patient counseling methods according to their adherence category. Improvement in score within low adherence group was found to be 83.87%; improvement of the low adherence group to medium adherence group was 16.12%. Improvement within the medium adherence group was 82.14% and from medium adherence to high adherence group was 17.85%. Conclusion:Patient counseling can improve adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, which in turn help patients in achieving optimal glycemic control.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare safety, efficacy and cost effectiveness of insulin and their analogues when compared with human insulin in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out in a multispecialty hospital. The inpatients and outpatients from general medicine and endocrinology departments were included in our study for a period of 6 mo. The diabetic profile such as FBS, PPBS, HbA1c and body weight of the diabetic patients at the initial visit and follow up visit was documented.Results: This study showed a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c, PPBS, and FBS levels from the baseline in insulin analogue users. It was found that, insulin analogue with metformin showed statistical improvement (P<0.05) in FBS, PPBS, HbA1c as well as body weight and also found to be a cost-effective treatment according to Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) decision matrix. Conclusion:This study concluded that type 2 diabetes patients underlined with the treatment using insulin analogue showed a better glycemic control when compared to human insulin. Metformin was the better OHA option in type-2 diabetes mellitus when compared with sulphonylureas and also metformin showed less weight gain than sulphonylureas.

Objectives: To assess the patient medication adherence using 8 item morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS). To categorize patients based on their adherence to antidiabetic medications into low, medium, and high adherent. To provide educational interventions such as patient counseling using teach-back method, patient medication information leaflet, and audio-visual aids and thus to improve the patient medication adherence. Methods:After obtaining informed consent from the patients, data of the patients were recorded in data collection forms. Their adherence to antidiabetic medication was evaluated using 8 item MMAS and patients were categorized into low, medium, and high adherence groups based on the score. Counseling was done based on the categorization (high, medium, and low). During review, again adherence was rechecked using 8 item MMAS.Results: Medication adherence was measured using 8 item MMAS on review and adherence was found to be improved using different patient counseling methods according to their adherence category. Improvement in score within low adherence group was found to be 83.87%; improvement of the low adherence group to medium adherence group was 16.12%. Improvement within the medium adherence group was 82.14% and from medium adherence to high adherence group was 17.85%. Conclusion:Patient counseling can improve adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, which in turn help patients in achieving optimal glycemic control.