A PROTOZOAL PARASITE (<i>CHLOROMYXUM THYRSITES</i>, SP. N. OF THE CAPE SEA-FISH, THE “SNOEK” (<i>THYRSITES ATUN</i>, Euphr.)

Gilchrist, J. D. F.

doi:10.1080/00359192309519587

Cited by 41 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Several of the species (e.g. K, lunata, K. miniaunculata, K. paniformls, K. thyrsites) are intracellular parasites as their site of infection is within the muscle fiber (Gilchrist 1924, Kabata & Whitaker 1981, Lorn et al 1983, Whitaker et al 1996.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the 'putative infective stage' observed by Morado & Sparks (1986) appears to be a myxospore engulfed by a rnacrophage. Gilchrist (1924) Prevalence of Kudoa thyrsites stages and associated inflammation in the musculature of Atlantic salmon using histological examination of fish first exposed 9 June 1997. The prevalence of infection was also determined by screening various tissues (i.e, blood, gill, muscle, skin, and intestine) using the K. thyrsites-specific PCR test developed by Hervio et al (1997) provided some details on the early developmental stages of K. thyrsites, but we did not observe the long chains of cells that he described.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of Kudoa thyrsites (Myxozoa:Myxosporea) in netpen-reared Atlantic salmon determined by light microscopy and a polymerase chain reaction test

Moran

Margolis²,

Webster³

et al. 1999

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The intramuscular phase of development of Kudoa thyrsites, the myxosporean associated with post-mortem myoliquefaction, or 'soft flesh syndrome', is described using histological preparations of the musculature of seawater netpen-reared Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon were naturally exposed to the infective stage whlle held in the expenmental seawater netpens of the Pacific Biological Station in Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada. In fish exposed during the summer of 1995, K. thyrsites infections were first detected in the somatic musculature at 13 wk postexposure (p.e.) using only light microscopy. In the 1997 exposure, infections were first detected at 6 wk p.e. using a PCR test and at 9 wk p.e. using light microscopy. The earliest stage detected by histology was a small plasmodium containing 4 nuclei. No host response was observed that was directly related to the presence of intact plasmodia within muscle fibers. However, a response was associated with ruptured plasmodia, which was characterized by chronic, multlfocal inflammation between the muscle fibers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Kudoa thyrsites (Myxozoa:Myxosporea) in netpen-reared Atlantic salmon determined by light microscopy and a polymerase chain reaction test

Moran

Margolis²,

Webster³

et al. 1999

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…66) is a deleterious parasite of the Pacific hake, Merluccius productus, in which the total prevalence, single or in infections mixed with K. thyrsites, is up to 90% Whitaker 1981, Patashnik et al 1982). K. thyrsites (Gilchrist, 1924) Meglitsch, 1960 described from Thyrsites atun off South African coast has been known now as a cosmopolitan parasite infecting many species of marine fishes, such as Pacific hake, Merluccius productus, and including salmonids, such as Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus kisutch (Stehr and Whitaker 1986, Whitaker and Kent 1991, Moran et al 1999b.…”

Section: K U D O I D a Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Myxozoan genera: definition and notes on taxonomy, life-cycle terminology and pathogenic species

Lom¹,

Dyková²

2006

FOLIA PARASIT

705

604

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Abstract.A list of myxozoan genera is presented in the current taxonomical scheme. These genera are defined; their type species and most important pathogens along with their hosts are listed. Simultaneously, definitions of actinospore stages representing sexual stages of the myxosporean life cycle are given; altogether, 17 actinospore collective groups with 180 types have been described. Life cycles of the two classes of the phylum Myxozoa, Malacosporea and Myxosporea, are briefly outlined with specification of the appropriate terms. Up to now, 4 malacosporean and 2,180 myxosporean species assigned to a total of 62 genera, have been established. The surviving classification of myxosporeans, based on spore morphology, is discussed in the context of the still fragmentary data resulting from SSU rDNA sequence analyses. The main task for the future is a rigorous, detailed morphological description combined with molecular techniques in establishment of new species and in revision of the existing ones. Establishment of a classification acceptable from morphological, biological and phylogenetical viewpoints is necessary.

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“…The African continent boasts over a 100 myxosporean species from freshwater, brackish and marine fishes of which 84 infect primarily freshwater fishes (Fomena and Bouix 1997) and this number is continuously growing. When comparing the known African myxosporeans to the more than 1,300 species described worldwide, it is evident that for a huge continent with such high fish diversity, a large gap exists in the knowledge on the occurrence and distribution of these parasites.In southern Africa little research has been conducted on myxosporean parasites of fish, with only a few publications appearing largely on marine myxosporeans from South Africa such as Fantham (1919Fantham ( , 1930, Gilchrist (1924), Paperna et al (1987) and Ali (2000). The only record ever of a freshwater myxosporean from Botswana is that of Peters (1971), commenting on Boulenger (1911) who published a brief note on an anabantid showing a mouth-brooding habit from the Okavango River.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In southern Africa little research has been conducted on myxosporean parasites of fish, with only a few publications appearing largely on marine myxosporeans from South Africa such as Fantham (1919Fantham ( , 1930, Gilchrist (1924), Paperna et al (1987) and Ali (2000). The only record ever of a freshwater myxosporean from Botswana is that of Peters (1971), commenting on Boulenger (1911) who published a brief note on an anabantid showing a mouth-brooding habit from the Okavango River.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Myxobolus species (Myxozoa), parasites of fishes in the Okavango River and Delta, Botswana, including descriptions of two new species

Reed

Basson²,

As³

2002

FOLIA PARASIT

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Abstract. Fieldwork was conducted in 1998 and 1999 in the Okavango River and Delta and a total of 275 fishes representing 31 species were examined for the presence of myxosporean parasites. A total of seven myxosporeans of the genus Myxobolus Bütschli, 1882 were found infecting the fishes. Two new species namely Myxobolus etsatsaensis sp. n. from Barbus thamalakanensis Fowler, 1935 and M. paludinosus sp. n. from Barbus paludinosus Peters, 1852 are described. Myxobolus africanus Fomena, Bouix et Birgi, 1985, M. camerounensis Fomena, Marqués et Bouix, 1993, M. hydrocyni Kostoïngue et Toguebaye, 1994, M. nyongana (Fomena, Bouix et Birgi, 1985 and M. tilapiae Abolarin, 1974 are recorded for the first time in Botswana and descriptions of these species are provided.Myxosporean research in Africa dates back to the late 19 th century with Gurley (1893) being one of the earliest authors referring to the continent. The African continent boasts over a 100 myxosporean species from freshwater, brackish and marine fishes of which 84 infect primarily freshwater fishes (Fomena and Bouix 1997) and this number is continuously growing. When comparing the known African myxosporeans to the more than 1,300 species described worldwide, it is evident that for a huge continent with such high fish diversity, a large gap exists in the knowledge on the occurrence and distribution of these parasites.In southern Africa little research has been conducted on myxosporean parasites of fish, with only a few publications appearing largely on marine myxosporeans from South Africa such as Fantham (1919Fantham ( , 1930, Gilchrist (1924), Paperna et al. (1987) and Ali (2000). The only record ever of a freshwater myxosporean from Botswana is that of Peters (1971), commenting on Boulenger (1911) who published a brief note on an anabantid showing a mouth-brooding habit from the Okavango River. According to Peters (1971), Boulenger commented the following: "On examining a female, about 5 ins. long, I found seven or eight eggs about one line in diameter, closely packed on each side in a cavity behind the gills, entirely covered by operculum". While conducting comparative studies on the ethology of African Anabantidae, Peters (1971) examined the rounded bodies, which did look like eggs, and discovered that they were in fact mature plasmodia from a myxosporean infection. Now, 30 years later, the results of the first investigation into myxosporean parasites infecting fishes in the Okavango River and Delta are presented. Over a period of two years (1998 and 1999) a total of 275 fishes from the Okavango Delta, representing 31 species and 9 families were examined for the presence of myxosporean parasites. This paper reports on the occurrence of seven myxosporeans of the genus Myxobolus Bütschli, 1882 found infecting eight different host fish species in the Okavango River and Delta, Botswana. MATERIALS AND METHODSFieldwork was conducted in the Okavango River and Delta in Botswana during June and July in both 1998 and 1999. Fishes were collected using hand nets,...

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A PROTOZOAL PARASITE (CHLOROMYXUM THYRSITES, SP. N. OF THE CAPE SEA-FISH, THE “SNOEK” (THYRSITES ATUN, Euphr.)

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Development of Kudoa thyrsites (Myxozoa:Myxosporea) in netpen-reared Atlantic salmon determined by light microscopy and a polymerase chain reaction test

Development of Kudoa thyrsites (Myxozoa:Myxosporea) in netpen-reared Atlantic salmon determined by light microscopy and a polymerase chain reaction test

Myxozoan genera: definition and notes on taxonomy, life-cycle terminology and pathogenic species

Myxobolus species (Myxozoa), parasites of fishes in the Okavango River and Delta, Botswana, including descriptions of two new species

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