Development of Kudoa thyrsites (Myxozoa:Myxosporea) in netpen-reared Atlantic salmon determined by light microscopy and a polymerase chain reaction test

Moran, J. D. W.; Margolis, L.; Webster, John; Kent, M. L.

doi:10.3354/dao037185

Cited by 68 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In addition, a variable number of inflammatory cells occurred in the lamina propria-submucosa, as well as in the basal part of the lining epithelium. In several other myxosporean infections no inflammatory response was associated with the presence of the parasite (Moran et al 1999, Ali et al 2003, Barassa et al 2003, Adriano et al 2005. However, Enteromyxum scophthalmi can elicit a strong inflammatory host response in addition to the direct deleterious effects on the gastrointestinal mucosa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light and electron microscopic studies on turbot Psetta maxima infected with Enteromyxum scophthalmi: histopathology of turbot enteromyxosis

Bermúdez¹,

Losada²,

Vázquez³

et al. 2010

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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In the last decade, a new parasite that causes severe losses has been detected in farmed turbot Psetta maxima (L.), in north-western Spain. The parasite was classified as a myxosporean and named Enteromyxum scophthalmi. The aim of this study was to characterize the main histological changes that occur in E. scophthalmi-infected turbot. The parasite provoked catarrhal enteritis, and the intensity of the lesions was correlated with the progression of the infection and with the development of the parasite. Infected fish were classified into 3 groups, according to the lesional degree they showed (slight, moderate and severe infections). In fish with slight infections, early parasitic stages were observed populating the epithelial lining of the digestive tract, without eliciting an evident host response. As the disease progressed, catarrhal enteritis was observed, the digestive epithelium showed a typical scalloped shape and the number of both goblet and rodlet cells was increased. Fish with severe infections suffered desquamation of the epithelium, with the subsequent release of parasitic forms to the lumen. The dislodged enterocytes underwent anoikis, a mode of apoptosis triggered by the loss of anchorage, which might facilitate spreading of the parasite. Lymphohaematopoietic depletion was also observed, mainly in head kidney and spleen, which could contribute to the high virulence of this parasite.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light and electron microscopic studies on turbot Psetta maxima infected with Enteromyxum scophthalmi: histopathology of turbot enteromyxosis

Bermúdez¹,

Losada²,

Vázquez³

et al. 2010

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…If an alternate host does exist for K. clupeidae, infection in Atlantic menhaden must begin at least as early as 2 to 3 mo of age, since mature spores are found in fish approximately 3 to 4 mo of age. Molecular studies, such as those conducted by Shaw et al (1997) and Moran et al (1999a), will be needed to determine how early these fish become infected. The search for an alternate stage (i.e.…”

Section: Kudoa Clupeidae Development In Atlantic Menhadenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myxosporean plasmodial infection associated with ulcerative lesions in young-of-the-year Atlantic menhaden in a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay, and possible links to Kudoa clupeidae

Reimschuessel¹,

Gieseker²,

Driscoll³

et al. 2003

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Ulcers in Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe) (Clupeidae), observed along the USA east coast, have been attributed to diverse etiologies including bacterial, fungal and, recently, harmful algal blooms. To understand the early pathogenesis of these lesions, we examined juvenile Atlantic menhaden collected during their seasonal presence in Chesapeake Bay tributaries from April to October 1999 and from March to August 2000. We conducted histopathological examinations of young-of-the-year fish from the Pocomoke River tributary, which has a history of fish mortalities and high lesion prevalence. Kudoa clupeidae (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) spores were present in the muscles of fish collected in both years. Of the fish assessed by histology in April, 5 to 14% were infected, while in May 90 to 96% were infected. Infection rates remained high during the summer. Mature spores were primarily located within myomeres and caused little or no observable pathological changes. Ultrastructure showed spores with capsulogenic cells bearing filamentous projections, and a basal crescentic nucleus with mottled nucleoplasm containing cleaved, condensed chromatin. Also, a highly invasive plasmodial stage of a myxozoan was found in the lesions of juvenile Atlantic menhaden. The plasmodia were observed in fish collected between May and July, with the maximum occurrence in late June 1999 and late May 2000. Plasmodia penetrated and surrounded muscle bundles, causing grossly observable raised lesions in 73% of all fish infected with this invasive stage. Plasmodia were also detected in the visceral organs, branchial arches, and interocular muscles of some fish. Some of the invasive extrasporogonic plasmodial lesions were associated with ulcers and chronic inflammatory infiltrates. The plasmodial stage appeared to slough out of the tissue with subsequent evidence of wound healing. Ultrastructure showed plasmodia with an elaborate irregular surface, divided into distinct ectoplasm and endoplasm; the latter contained numerous spherical vegetative nuclei, secondary generative cells, and occasional cell doublets. Our ultrastructural studies indicate that the plasmodial organisms, which are important in the etiology of the skin lesions, are myxozoans, and they may represent early stages of K. clupeidae. KEY WORDS: Atlantic menhaden · Brevoortia tyrannus · Kudoa clupeidae · Myxosporea · Plasmodia · LesionsResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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“…The list of named species of the genus Kudoa Meglitsch, 1947 (with 44 items in Moran et al 1999 and45 in Swearer andRobertson 1999) expanded recently to 47, K. camarguensis and K. ramsayi being the last newly described species (Pampoulie et al 1999, Kalavati et al 2000.…”

Section: Kudoa Dianae Sp N (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) a New Paramentioning

confidence: 99%

Kudoa dianae sp. n. (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida), a new parasite of bullseye puffer, Sphoeroides annulatus (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae)

Dyková¹,

Avila²,

Fiala³

2002

FOLIA PARASIT

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Abstract.A new multivalvulid myxosporean species, Kudoa dianae sp. n., is described from bullseye puffer, Sphoeroides annulatus (Jenyns) (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae). Plasmodia develop in extramuscular sites, in the wall of oesophagus and less frequently on mesenteries. Mature spores can reach lumen of the digestive tract directly by disruption of plasmodial wall or via macrophage transport to the oesophageal epithelium. New species is characterised by morphology of spores and by the complete sequence of SSU rRNA gene that differs from all hitherto known sequences of Kudoa species. Spore morphology (moderate-sized, simple non-ornate spores, quadrate in apical view) clusters with that of Kudoa scienae, K. cerebralis, K. chilkaensis, K. leiostomi, K. funduli, K. cascasia and K. ovivora. Analysis of phylogenetic relationships (using SSU rRNA gene sequences) among five Kudoa species, the molecular data of which are available thus far, revealed that K. dianae is distinguishable from these five species and that its closest relation is with K. miniauriculata.

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Development of Kudoa thyrsites (Myxozoa:Myxosporea) in netpen-reared Atlantic salmon determined by light microscopy and a polymerase chain reaction test

Cited by 68 publications

References 16 publications

Light and electron microscopic studies on turbot Psetta maxima infected with Enteromyxum scophthalmi: histopathology of turbot enteromyxosis

Light and electron microscopic studies on turbot Psetta maxima infected with Enteromyxum scophthalmi: histopathology of turbot enteromyxosis

Myxosporean plasmodial infection associated with ulcerative lesions in young-of-the-year Atlantic menhaden in a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay, and possible links to Kudoa clupeidae

Kudoa dianae sp. n. (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida), a new parasite of bullseye puffer, Sphoeroides annulatus (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae)

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