A rapid method to determine nine natural cannabinoids in beverages and food derived from <scp><i>Cannabis sativa</i></scp> by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry on a QTRAP 4000

Pisciottano, Ilaria Di Marco; Guadagnuolo, Grazia; Soprano, Vittorio; Crescenzo, Michele De; Gallo, Pasquale

doi:10.1002/rcm.8242

Cited by 27 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It is important to underline that a specific regulation concerning the analytical parameters for the quality assessment of hemp seed oils is still lacking, although the increasing interest towards hemp food products for human consumption has prompted few countries to issue guidelines about the acceptable level of ∆ 9 -THC in hemp seeds, hempseed oil, or processed food [4,[16][17][18]. Indeed, some studies discuss the development of a proper analytical procedure for the detection of cannabinoids levels and ratio in hemp seeds and hempseed oils [4,[19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial Hemp Seed Oils: A Multimethodological Characterization

et al. 2020

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Nine commercial hemp seed oils from different countries were studied using a multimethodological approach to obtain information about their quality and chemical composition. Due to the lack of a specific regulation for hemp seed oils, quality parameters used in the case of olive oils (free acidity, peroxides number, spectrophotometer parameters) and anisidine number were measured and compared with those reported for extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Free acidity and peroxides number showed a great variability, ranging from 0.4 to 17.24% and from 4.32 to 22.14 meqO2/kg, respectively, whereas the anisidine number ranged from 0.11 to 3.58. K232 value turned out to be generally below the limit reported for EVOO, whereas K270 and ΔK values were higher, with respect to EVOO limits, due to the high amount of tri-unsaturated fatty chains. Colorimetric analysis showed a peculiar curve trend that could represent the fingerprint of this product. Untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance methodology allowed to measure the amount of fatty chains, ω-6:ω-3 ratio, β-sitosterol, and aldehydes. The ω-6:ω-3 ratio turned out to be, in some cases, different from that reported on the bottle labels. Finally, lipoperoxidation assays were also carried out under different storage (light and temperature) and time exposure conditions, confirming that the exposure to direct light is the condition that interferes more with the product quality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial Hemp Seed Oils: A Multimethodological Characterization

et al. 2020

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“…Sometimes cannabinoids are present in food and beverages, either as contaminants or as food additives 73–76 . Fibre‐type C. sativa L. (hemp) produces non‐psychoactive cannabinoids, and CBD ( 3 ) is the most important one among them 1 .…”

Section: Extraction Of Naturally Occurring Cannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The residue was dissolved in 2 mM aqueous ammonium acetate–acetonitrile (50:50, 150 μL) solution for HPLC analysis. Earlier, a rapid HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of CBD ( 3 ), CBDA ( 4 ), CBG ( 6 ), CBGA ( 7 ), CBN ( 8 ), Δ 8 ‐THC ( 11 ), THC ( 12 ), THCA ( 13 ) and THCV ( 14 ), in C. sativa L. based beverages and food was reported, 75 where an Ascentis Express RP‐Amide stainless steel column (50 mm × 4.6 mm; particle size: 2.7 μm) was eluted with a linear gradient using the mobile phase comprising water–acetonitrile–0.1% formic acid. This method was applied and found to be useful for the analysis of hemp seeds, oil and flour, as well as the food and beverages that contain them.…”

Section: Extraction Of Naturally Occurring Cannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of naturally occurring cannabinoids: an update

Nahar

Uddin

Alam

et al. 2020

Phytochemical Analysis

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Introduction Organic molecules that interact with the cannabinoid receptors are called cannabinoids, which can be endogenous, natural or synthetic compounds. They possess similar pharmacological properties as produced by the plant, Cannabis sativa L. Before cannabinoids can be analysed, they need to be extracted from the matrices. Objective To review literature on the methods and protocols for the extraction of naturally occurring cannabinoids. Methodology An extensive literature search was performed incorporating several databases, notably, Web of Knowledge, PubMed and Google Scholar, and other relevant published materials. The keywords used in the search, in various combinations, with cannabinoids and extraction being present in all combinations, were Cannabis, hemp, cannabinoids, Cannabis sativa, marijuana, and extraction. Results In addition to classical maceration with organic solvents, e.g. ethanol, pressurised solvent extraction, solvent heat reflux, Soxhlet extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasound‐assisted extraction and microwave‐assisted extraction, are routinely used nowadays for the extraction of cannabinoids from plant materials and cannabis consumer products. For the extraction of cannabinoids from biological samples, e.g. human blood, and also from food and beverages, and wastewater, solid‐phase extraction and its variants, as well as liquid–liquid extraction are commonly used. Parameters for extraction can be optimised by response surface methodology or other mathematical modelling tools. There are at least six US patents on extraction of cannabinoids available to date. Conclusions Irrespective of the extraction method, extraction temperature, extraction time and extraction pressure play a vital role in overall yield of extraction. Solvent polarity can also be an important factor in some extraction methods.

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“…Accordingly, as the natural extraction source of CBD, C. sativa has ushered in a new round of development [ 3 ]. As an isomeride of Δ 9 -THC, CBD is non-psychoactive and exhibits good pharmacological effects in treating chronic pain, anxiety, inflammation, depression, and many other symptoms [ 4 , 5 ]. Today, the quantitative analysis methods of cannabinoids—including CBD—are mainly chromatographic methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), and mass spectrometry [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Electrochemical Sensor Based on Amino Magnetic Nanoparticle-Decorated Graphene for Detection of Cannabidiol

et al. 2021

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For detection of cannabidiol (CBD)—an important ingredient in Cannabis sativa L.—amino magnetic nanoparticle-decorated graphene (Fe3O4-NH2-GN) was prepared in the form of nanocomposites, and then modified on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), resulting in a novel electrochemical sensor (Fe3O4-NH2-GN/GCE). The applied Fe3O4-NH2 nanoparticles and GN exhibited typical structures and intended surface groups through characterizations via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Raman spectroscopy. The Fe3O4-NH2-GN/GCE showed the maximum electrochemical signal for CBD during the comparison of fabricated components via the cyclic voltammetry method, and was systematically investigated in the composition and treatment of components, pH, scan rate, and quantitative analysis ability. Under optimal conditions, the Fe3O4-NH2-GN/GCE exhibited a good detection limit (0.04 μmol L−1) with a linear range of 0.1 μmol L−1 to 100 μmol L−1 (r2 = 0.984). In the detection of CBD in the extract of C. sativa leaves, the results of the electrochemical method using the Fe3O4-NH2-GN/GCE were in good agreement with those of the HPLC method. Based on these findings, the proposed sensor could be further developed for the portable and rapid detection of natural active compounds in the food, agricultural, and pharmaceutical fields.

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A rapid method to determine nine natural cannabinoids in beverages and food derived from Cannabis sativa by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry on a QTRAP 4000

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

Commercial Hemp Seed Oils: A Multimethodological Characterization

Commercial Hemp Seed Oils: A Multimethodological Characterization

Extraction of naturally occurring cannabinoids: an update

An Electrochemical Sensor Based on Amino Magnetic Nanoparticle-Decorated Graphene for Detection of Cannabidiol

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