A rechargeable all-solid-state Li–CO₂ battery using a Li_1.5Al_0.5Ge_1.5(PO₄)₃ ceramic electrolyte and nanoscale RuO₂ catalyst

Abstract

Fossil fuel crisis and global warming are becoming more and more severe in this century, while the exploration of human living on Mars has been pushing forward steadily. Hence, it’s...

Effective Ru/CNT Cathode for Rechargeable Solid-State Li–CO2 Batteries

“…Solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs) are favorable for future energy storage applications. The importance of SSLBs emerges from the likelihood to utilize high-voltage cathodes and high-capacity anodes (Li metal) without compromising safety. , At present, rechargeable lithium–carbon dioxide batteries (LCBs) are gaining importance worldwide because of their capability to capture carbon dioxide and change it into energy. − Furthermore, LCBs have a 1876 W h kg –1 theoretical energy density, which remains consistent with the electrochemical process of lithium carbonate formation and deformation (4Li + 3CO 2 ↔ 2Li 2 CO 3 + C) amid the discharge–charge reactions. − These LCBs utilize organic liquid electrolytes to transfer lithium ions during the electrochemical process . Nonetheless, these batteries possess some disadvantages, including liquid leakage and flammability, because of the presence of liquid organic electrolytes.…”

“…Nonetheless, these batteries possess some disadvantages, including liquid leakage and flammability, because of the presence of liquid organic electrolytes. Therefore, creating solid-state Li–CO 2 batteries (SSLCBs) is suggested to address these detriments. , However, SSLCBs have high mechanical strength and high thermal stability, which can avoid ignitability and liquid leakage.…”

A Moisture‐Assisted Rechargeable Mg−CO2 Battery

“…in 2011, which increased the discharge capacity significantly [3] . Since then, utilizing CO 2 as an electrochemically active gas has been proven through the rapid developments in Li−CO 2 batteries, [1b,c,e, 4] Na−CO 2 batteries, [5] and K−CO 2 batteries [6] in the last decade. Considering the safety risks and inferior stability of the highly active monovalent alkali metals, more stable and abundant multivalent metals have attracted widespread attention as anode materials [7] .…”

Recent Advances in Rechargeable Li–CO2 Batteries

“…Copyright 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. (c and d) Reprinted with permission from ref . Copyright 2021 The Royal Society of Chemistry].…”

“…Very recently, an all-solid-state Li–CO 2 battery, integrating a RuO 2 -single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) composite cathode and NASICON-type ceramic inorganic electrolyte (Li 1.5 Al 0.5 Ge 1.5 (PO 4 ) 3 (LAGP)), was shown to operate under a wide temperature range and diverse current densities . In a pure CO 2 atmosphere and at 60 °C, the discharge and charge capacities reached 2499 and 2137 mAh g –1 (Figure c).…”