A relaxationless demonstration of the Quantum Zeno paradox on an individual atom

Balzer, Chr.; Hannemann, Th.; Reiß, D.; Wunderlich, Christof; Neuhauser, W.; Toschek, P. E.

doi:10.1016/s0030-4018(02)01859-x

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The QZE was first observed experimentally in an ensemble of trapped ions [7], and has since been seen in a variety of other systems, including the electronic, nuclear, or motional states of atoms and molecules [8][9][10][11], optical photons [12][13][14], microwave photons [15], and NV centers [16]. In driven superconducting qubits, the QZE has been indirectly inferred from the transition between coherent Rabi oscillations and incoherent exponential population decay with increasing measurement strength [17], and by studying the dependence of this exponential decay on the time between discrete qubit projection pulses [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Zeno effect in the strong measurement regime of circuit quantum electrodynamics

et al. 2016

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We observe the quantum Zeno effect-where the act of measurement slows the rate of quantum state transitions-in a superconducting qubit using linear circuit quantum electrodynamics readout and a near-quantum-limited following amplifier. Under simultaneous strong measurement and qubit drive, the qubit undergoes a series of quantum jumps between states. These jumps are visible in the experimental measurement record and are analyzed using maximum likelihood estimation to determine qubit transition rates. The observed rates agree with both analytical predictions and numerical simulations. The analysis methods are suitable for processing general noisy random telegraph signals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Zeno effect in the strong measurement regime of circuit quantum electrodynamics

et al. 2016

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“…Previous works [2,7,26] express the QZE in terms of the survival probability P (N ) for number of measurements N during a π pulse (t = π/ω R ), a duration where without measurements 100% of the atoms would be transferred into the other state. Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The large fraction of atoms in the initial state|1 is caused by repeated measurements without scattering any photons. We have extended previous work in pulsed QZE measurements [2,5,7] by exploiting advantages inherent to BoseEinstein condensates. While in theory the Heisenberg uncertainty principal limits how frequently meaningful measurements can be performed, in practice imperfections in real measurements are the limiting factors [26,28].…”

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confidence: 99%

Continuous and Pulsed Quantum Zeno Effect

Streed¹,

Mun²,

Boyd³

et al. 2006

Phys. Rev. Lett.

178

186

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Continuous and pulsed quantum Zeno effects were observed using a 87 Rb Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). Oscillations between two ground hyperfine states of a magnetically trapped condensate, externally driven at a transition rate ωR, were suppressed by destructively measuring the population in one of the states with resonant light. The suppression of the transition rate in the two level system was quantified for pulsed measurements with a time interval δt between pulses and continuous measurements with a scattering rate γ. We observe that the continuous measurements exhibit the same suppression in the transition rate as the pulsed measurements when γδt = 3.60(0.43), in agreement with the predicted value of 4. Increasing the measurement rate suppressed the transition rate down to 0.005ωR.PACS numbers: 03.65. Xp,03.75.Mn,42.50.Xa The quantum Zeno effect (QZE) is the suppression of transitions between quantum states by frequent measurements. It was first considered as a theoretical problem where the continuous observation of an unstable particle would prevent its decay [1]. Experimental demonstrations of the QZE [2,3,4,5,6,7,8] have been driven by interest in both fundamental physics and practical applications. Practical applications of the QZE include reducing decoherence in quantum computing [8,9,10], efficient preservation of spin polarized gases [3,4,6], and dosage reduction in neutron tomography [11].The QZE is a paradigm and test bed for quantum measurement theory [12,13]. In one interpretation, it involves many sequential collapses of the wavefunctions of the system. Quantum Zeno experiments provide constraints for speculative extensions of quantum mechanics where the collapse of the wavefunction is created by extra terms in a modified Schrödinger equation [14]. It is still an open question how close one can approach the limit of an infinite number of interrogations due to the Heisenberg uncertainty involved in shorter measurement times. These conceptional questions provide the motivation to extend experimental tests of the quantum Zeno phenonmenon. A major improvement to a quatum Zeno experiment with ultracold neutrons [15] is in preparation.In this letter we compare the suppression of the transition rate in an oscillating two level system by continuous and pulsed measurements. Our QZE experiments were carried out with Bose-Einstein condensed atoms [16,17,18]. The long coherence time and the high degree of control of the position and momentum of the atoms created a very clean system and allowed us to observe much stronger quantum Zeno suppression than before [2,5,7]. In the experiment with pulsed measurements up to 500 measurements could be carried out and survival probabilities exceeded 98%. Furthermore, we have performed the first quantitative comparison between the pulsed and continuous measurement QZE. This is important since any real pulsed measurement is only an approximation based on a series of weak continuous measurements [19,20].Let us consider a two-level system which is externally driven at a ...

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“…A similar scheme was proposed for a nonensemble system in [17]. Also, QZE experiments without relying on an ensemble average were reported [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Using the quantum Zeno effect for suppression of decoherence

et al. 2016

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Projective measurements are an essential element of quantum mechanics. In most cases, they cause an irreversible change of the quantum system on which they act. However, measurements can also be used to stabilize quantum states from decay processes, which is known as the quantum Zeno effect (QZE). Here, we demonstrate this effect for the case of a superposition state of a nuclear spin qubit, using an ancilla to perform the measurement. As a result, the quantum state of the qubit is protected against dephasing without relying on an ensemble nature of NMR experiments. We also propose a scheme to protect an arbitrary state by using QZE.

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A relaxationless demonstration of the Quantum Zeno paradox on an individual atom

Cited by 35 publications

References 13 publications

Quantum Zeno effect in the strong measurement regime of circuit quantum electrodynamics

Quantum Zeno effect in the strong measurement regime of circuit quantum electrodynamics

Continuous and Pulsed Quantum Zeno Effect

Using the quantum Zeno effect for suppression of decoherence

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