A response to ‘Cerebral and extracerebral release of protein S100B in cardiac surgical patients’, Snyder‐Ramos SA, Gruhlke T, Bauer H, Bauer M, Luntz AP, Motsch J, Martin E, Vahl CF, Missler U, Wiesmann M and Bottiger BW, <i>Anaesthesia</i> 2004; 59: 344–9

Janigro, Damir

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.04003.x

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…These data lead to controversy about the S100B protein and its dependency to brain injury (17-21). All authors agree that increasing levels of S100B within 12 hours after traumatic brain injury and cardiac surgery may correlate well with a poor outcome (22-24). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Posttraumatic Brain Death Predictor Biomarkers; S100B Protein Levels In Accosiation With Patients Outcome

2013

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BackgroundS100B is a calcium-binding protein, belonging to the S100 family proteins which are characterized by their high solubility and, currently, comprises 21 members which are expressed in a cell-specific manner. If we can predict the possibility of definite brain death after brain injury, we will rescue some organs of body to transplant proposes.ObjectivesIn this regard our study focused on the S100B protein value in predicting brain death after head trauma. In this study, the use of serum level of protein S100, 24 hours after trauma has been considered as a reliable index for predicting brain death.Patients and Methods72 patients (50 male and 22 female) aged 5 - 80 years old (median 40 ± 17.72 years) with severe head traumas (GCS≤8) were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and computed tomography (CT) scan findings were recorded for all patients, and then a single 5mL blood sample was obtained from each patient on admission, after 48 hours and a week later or after brain death to determine the level of S100B protein.ResultsPrimary and the last GCS of patients had a predictive value in determining brain death (P < 0.0005), also there was a significant correlation between GCS and level of S100B protein. There was a significant correlation between CT scan findings and S100B protein only after 48 hours of trauma.ConclusionsChanges in S100B protein, especially the levels of this dimer 48 hours after trauma can be used as marker to predict brain death. Alongside other known prognostic factors such as age, GCS and diameters of the pupils, however, this factor individually can not conclusive predict the patient's clinical course and incidence of brain death. However, it is suitable to use GCS, CT scan, clinical symptoms and biomarkers together for a perfect prediction of brain death.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Posttraumatic Brain Death Predictor Biomarkers; S100B Protein Levels In Accosiation With Patients Outcome

2013

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S100B Is Not a Reliable Prognostic Index in Paediatric TBI

et al. 2007

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Background: As far as paediatric traumatic brain injury is concerned, it is difficult to quantify the extent of the primary insult, to monitor secondary changes and to predict neurological outcomes by means of the currently used diagnostic tools: physical examination, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and computed tomography. For this reason, several papers focused on the use of biochemical markers (S100B, neuron-specific enolase) to detect and define the severity of brain damage and predict outcome after traumatic head injury or cardiac arrest. Objective: The aim of this paper is measuring the range of S100B serum concentrations in children affected by traumatic brain injury and describing the possible roles of this protein in the reaction to trauma. Methods: Fifteen children aged 1–15 years were included in the study. Traumatic brain injury severity was defined by paediatric GCS score as mild (9 patients), moderate (2 patients) or severe (4 patients). Blood samples for S100B serum measurement were taken at emergency department admission and after 48 h. Results: The serum S100B concentration was higher in the group of severe trauma patients, who scored the lowest on the GCS at admission, and among them, the highest values were reported by the children with concomitant peripheral lesions. Conclusions: The role of S100B in paediatric traumatic brain injury has not been clarified yet, and the interpretation of its increase when the head trauma is associated with other injuries needs the understanding of the physiopathological mechanisms that rule its release in the systemic circulation. The levels of S100B in serum after a brain injury could be related to the mechanical discharge from a destroyed blood-brain barrier, or they could be due to the active expression by the brain, as a part of its involvement in the systemic inflammatory reaction. Early increase of this protein is not a reliable prognostic index of neurological outcome after pediatric traumatic brain injury, since even very elevated values are compatible with a complete neurological recovery.

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Circulating Cerebral S100B Protein Is Associated with Depressive Symptoms following Myocardial Infarction

Tulner¹,

Smith

Jonge

et al. 2009

Neuropsychobiology

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Background: Prevalence of depressive symptoms in the post-myocardial infarction (MI) period varies from 8 to 30%. Cerebral damage after MI, caused by transient ischemia, an inflammatory response or both, may contribute to development of post-MI depression. S100B is an established protein marker of cerebral damage. In a pilot study, the authors assessed whether S100B serum levels are: (1) increased during the week after MI, and (2) related to depressive symptoms during index hospital admission and the year following MI. Methods: This pilot study is a substudy of the Myocardial Infarction and Depression Intervention Trial (MIND-IT). In 48 patients, serum levels of S100B were available at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 days following MI. Subsequently, in 27 patients, depressive symptoms were measured at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months following MI with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). In 21 of the initial 48 patients, BDI data were lacking due to refusals to fill out BDI forms or missing data. Results: Significant and transient increases in serum S100B were observed in 81.3% of the 48 patients: 37.5% reached S100B serum levels comparable to serum levels found in acute brain injury (>0.20 μg/l) and 43.8% reached mildly elevated S100B serum levels comparable to serum levels found in depressive disorder (0.10–0.20 μg/l). In 18.7%, no S100B was detected in serum. Using non-parametric Spearman rank correlation tests, a trend towards an association was found between serum S100B and depressive symptoms during the post-MI year (ρ values between 0.16 and 0.53) in 27 patients who completed both the S100B serum study and the BDI study. Conclusion: Transiently elevated levels of S100B are suggestive of minor acute cerebral damage in the first days following MI and associated with depressive symptoms in the year following MI. Cerebral damage could be an important mechanism in the pathogenesis in a subtype of post-MI depression.

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A response to ‘Cerebral and extracerebral release of protein S100B in cardiac surgical patients’, Snyder‐Ramos SA, Gruhlke T, Bauer H, Bauer M, Luntz AP, Motsch J, Martin E, Vahl CF, Missler U, Wiesmann M and Bottiger BW, Anaesthesia 2004; 59: 344–9

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Posttraumatic Brain Death Predictor Biomarkers; S100B Protein Levels In Accosiation With Patients Outcome

Posttraumatic Brain Death Predictor Biomarkers; S100B Protein Levels In Accosiation With Patients Outcome

S100B Is Not a Reliable Prognostic Index in Paediatric TBI

Circulating Cerebral S100B Protein Is Associated with Depressive Symptoms following Myocardial Infarction

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