A Review of Androgen‐Progestin Regimens for Male Contraception

Mc, Meriggiola; Tm, Farley; Mt, Mbizvo

doi:10.1002/j.1939-4640.2003.tb02695.x

Cited by 43 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…5,6 In addition, progestins may also have a direct effect on the testis through progesterone receptors present on the Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, or germ cells. 7 Histological changes in testes after hormone treatment is marked by accelerated stage-and germ cellspecific apoptosis in rats and monkeys resulting in loss of germ cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic Analysis of Testis Biopsies in Men Treated with Injectable Testosterone Undecanoate Alone or in Combination with Oral Levonorgestrel as Potential Male Contraceptive

Cui

Zhu

et al. 2008

J. Proteome Res.

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Treatment with injectable testosterone undecanoate (TU) alone or in combination with oral levonorgestrel (LNG) resulted in marked decreases in sperm concentrations. In this study, we used proteomic analyses to examine the cellular/molecular events occurring in the human testis after TU or TU + LNG treatment. We conducted a global proteomic analysis of the human testicular biopsies before and at 2 weeks after TU alone or TU + LNG treatment. Proteins showing significant changes in expression were identified and analyzed. As a result, 17 and 46 protein spots were found with significant differential expression after the treatment with TU alone and TU + LNG, respectively. TU treatment changed the expression of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K), proteasome inhibitor PI31 subunit (PSMF1), and superoxide dismutase [Mn] mitochondrial precursor (SOD2). These proteins inhibit "assembly", induce cell death, and promote compensatory "cell survival" in the testis. After TU + LNG treatment, "proliferation/cell survival" and "apoptosis/death" were the predominant responses in the testis. TU + LNG treatment inhibited the expression of Prolyl 4-hydroxylase beta subunit (P4HB) and Annexin A2 (Annexin II). These proteins are involved in apoptosis and cell proliferation, respectively. TU + LNG treatment also enhanced the expression of SOD2 and Parvalbumin alpha (Pvalb). These two proteins may protect testicular cells against apoptosis/death and promote cell survival. In conclusion, TU and TU + LNG treatments suppress spermatogenesis through different pathways by changing the expression of different proteins. hnRNP K, PSMF1, SOD2, P4HB, Annexin II, and Pvalb, are key proteins that may be early molecular targets responsible for spermatogenesis suppression induced by hormone treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic Analysis of Testis Biopsies in Men Treated with Injectable Testosterone Undecanoate Alone or in Combination with Oral Levonorgestrel as Potential Male Contraceptive

Cui

Zhu

et al. 2008

J. Proteome Res.

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“…59 A review of MPA/testosterone preparations showed that only 67% of patients receiving MPA with different testosterone preparations achieved azoospermia. 60 The 1993 WHO study comparing testosterone alone and 19-nortestosterone with depot MPA showed consistent azoospermia in 95.6 and 97.8%, respectively, in 90 Indonesian men. 61 On the basis of this data, it was not clear if the effect was from testosterone alone or combination therapy.…”

Section: Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (Mpa and Depot Mpa)mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Several small studies 60,[73][74][75] have been performed with levonorgestrel. This progestin is either an oral or implant preparation.…”

Section: Levonorgestrelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Male Hormonal Contraception: Is the Vasectomy in Jeopardy?

Manetti

Honig

2010

Int J Impot Res

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Traditionally, male contraception has consisted of either barrier methods, such as condoms, or vasectomy. However, in recent years, we have made great strides in the basic science and clinical medicine to better understand the feedback mechanisms and physiology of the male reproductive system. These advances have enabled the development of several nonsurgical, hormonal, reversible, well-tolerated alternatives for male contraception. Men are more likely now than ever to participate in the choice of contraceptive techniques. This review will discuss the current status and recent developments in nonsurgical hormonal male contraception, a field that has been historically limited by social, financial and physiological challenges.

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“…19-Nortestosterone, also called nandrolone (NT), one of the most powerful anabolic steroids, has been widely used in veterinary as well as human medicine for the treatment of protein defi ciency diseases, osteoporosis and male contraception (Hobbs et al, 1996;Kuhnz and Gieschen, 1998;Bruggeman et al, 2003;Meriggiola et al, 2003). Nandrolone has also been employed as a growth-promoting agent to accelerate weight gain, improve feeding effi ciency in meat producing animals and as a doping agent to boost muscular strength and performance in sports and horse racing (Kim et al, 2000;Kohler and Lambert, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and optimization of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 19-nortestosterone

Tian

Zhang

et al. 2008

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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A polyclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed, optimized and validated to measure this anabolic steroid. Infl uence of several physicochemical parameters, such as incubation time, ionic strength, detergent concentration and pH were selected to provide a highest sensitivity on the ELISA format. The regression equation of the fi nal inhibition curve was: y = -0.3194x + 1.6316, R 2 = 0.9927. The linear range was between 0.1 and 25 ng/ml and the IC 50 was 3.5 ng/ml. The specifi city was evaluated by fi ve structurally related anabolic steroids, and none of them had signifi cant cross-reactivity. Finally, the accuracy and precision of this assay were evaluated by means of spiked samples. The recovery was between 76.9 and 104.7%, and the variation coeffi cient was between 5.2 and 13.4%.

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A Review of Androgen‐Progestin Regimens for Male Contraception

Cited by 43 publications

References 106 publications

Proteomic Analysis of Testis Biopsies in Men Treated with Injectable Testosterone Undecanoate Alone or in Combination with Oral Levonorgestrel as Potential Male Contraceptive

Proteomic Analysis of Testis Biopsies in Men Treated with Injectable Testosterone Undecanoate Alone or in Combination with Oral Levonorgestrel as Potential Male Contraceptive

Update on Male Hormonal Contraception: Is the Vasectomy in Jeopardy?

Development and optimization of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 19-nortestosterone

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