A Review of Heat Transfer Issues in Hydrogen Storage Technologies

Zhang, Jinsong; Fisher, Timothy S.; Ramachandran, P. Veeraraghavan; Gore, Jay P.; Mudawar, Issam

doi:10.1115/1.2098875

Cited by 183 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…compressor type, degree of intercooling, etc.). [151][152][153] Conversely, liquid hydrogen storage requires a significantly greater energy input, B30% H 2 LHV in practice, depending on the capacity of the liquefaction plant. 152 All materials-based storage systems involve both hydrogen discharging and charging (or regeneration) steps whose energy losses must be accounted for.…”

Section: Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…155 Based on ref. 151, which assumes a PEM fuel-cell efficiency of 50%, the heat generation from the sodium borohydride storage system would introduce an 46% increase above the heat rejection from the fuel cell alone. Given that heat management of PEM fuel cells already presents engineering challenges, this additional thermal load would likely exacerbate heat transfer management.…”

Section: Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

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High capacity hydrogenstorage materials: attributes for automotive applications and techniques for materials discovery

et al. 2010

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Widespread adoption of hydrogen as a vehicular fuel depends critically upon the ability to store hydrogen on-board at high volumetric and gravimetric densities, as well as on the ability to extract/insert it at sufficiently rapid rates. As current storage methods based on physical means-high-pressure gas or (cryogenic) liquefaction-are unlikely to satisfy targets for performance and cost, a global research effort focusing on the development of chemical means for storing hydrogen in condensed phases has recently emerged. At present, no known material exhibits a combination of properties that would enable high-volume automotive applications. Thus new materials with improved performance, or new approaches to the synthesis and/or processing of existing materials, are highly desirable. In this critical review we provide a practical introduction to the field of hydrogen storage materials research, with an emphasis on (i) the properties necessary for a viable storage material, (ii) the computational and experimental techniques commonly employed in determining these attributes, and (iii) the classes of materials being pursued as candidate storage compounds. Starting from the general requirements of a fuel cell vehicle, we summarize how these requirements translate into desired characteristics for the hydrogen storage material. Key amongst these are: (a) high gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen density, (b) thermodynamics that allow for reversible hydrogen uptake/release under near-ambient conditions, and (c) fast reaction kinetics. To further illustrate these attributes, the four major classes of candidate storage materials-conventional metal hydrides, chemical hydrides, complex hydrides, and sorbent systems-are introduced and their respective performance and prospects for improvement in each of these areas is discussed. Finally, we review the most valuable experimental and computational techniques for determining these attributes, highlighting how an approach that couples computational modeling with experiments can significantly accelerate the discovery of novel storage materials (155 references).

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Section: Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

High capacity hydrogenstorage materials: attributes for automotive applications and techniques for materials discovery

et al. 2010

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“…35,36 At these temperatures hydride formation will cease to occur and sintering will become a problem.…”

Section: Bimetallic Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Templated synthesis of nickel nanoparticles: Toward heterostructured nanocomposites for efficient hydrogen storage

Nelson

2013

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“…127 However, nanostructuring of the storage medium can also decrease effective thermal conductivity, to the detriment of the rate of hydrogenation of the metal in the fueling process. 128,129 The motivating factor underlying the desire for good heat transfer properties in solid-state hydrogen storage materials is the need for rapid vehicle fueling. Finding a suitable balance between competing goals of rapid reaction rates and high thermal effective thermal conductivity represents a significant challenge.…”

Section: 120mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale design to enable the revolution in renewable energy

Baxter

Bian

Chen

et al. 2009

Energy Environ. Sci.

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378

217

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The creation of a sustainable energy generation, storage, and distribution infrastructure represents a global grand challenge that requires massive transnational investments in the research and development of energy technologies that will provide the amount of energy needed on a sufficient scale and timeframe with minimal impact on the environment and have limited economic and societal disruption during implementation. In this opinion paper, we focus on an important set of solar, thermal, and electrochemical energy conversion, storage, and conservation technologies specifically related to recent and prospective advances in nanoscale science and technology that offer high potential in addressing the energy challenge. We approach this task from a two-fold perspective: analyzing the fundamental physicochemical principles and engineering aspects of these energy technologies and identifying unique opportunities enabled by nanoscale design of materials, processes, and systems in order to improve performance and reduce costs. Our principal goal is to establish a roadmap for research and development activities in nanoscale science and technology that would significantly advance and accelerate the implementation of renewable energy technologies. In all cases we make specific recommendations for research needs in the near-term (2-5 years), mid-term (5-10 years) and long-term (>10 years), as well as projecting a timeline for maturation of each technological solution. We also identify a number of priority themes in basic energy science that cut across the entire spectrum Broader contextA major scientific and societal challenge of the 21st century is the conversion from a fossil-fuel-based energy economy to one that is sustainable. The energy challenge before us differs in three ways from past large scale challenges: the first is the large magnitude and relatively short time scale of the transition (a predicted doubling of energy demand by mid-century and a tripling by the end of the century); the second is the need to develop CO 2 -neutral, renewable energy sources; and the third is the cost-competitive aspect of the transition (insofar as the cost of energy to the consumer must be competitive with the fossil fuel energy supply being replaced). What is clear is that the science and engineering research communities working with industry, and policy makers (government, economists, social scientists) will have to educate the citizenry and get them to function collaboratively and globally to enhance the quality of life and to preserve the environment of our planet for future generations. Our team has prepared a technical article on the role of nanotechnology in our energy future aimed at guiding both our own community of scientists and engineers and our policy makers who interface with the public. This journal is ª The Royal Society of Chemistry 2009Energy Environ. Sci., 2009, 2, 559-588 | 559 ANALYSIS www.rsc.org/ees | Energy & Environmental Science of energy conversion, storage, and conservation technologies. We anticipate t...

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A Review of Heat Transfer Issues in Hydrogen Storage Technologies

Cited by 183 publications

References 47 publications

High capacity hydrogenstorage materials: attributes for automotive applications and techniques for materials discovery

High capacity hydrogenstorage materials: attributes for automotive applications and techniques for materials discovery

Templated synthesis of nickel nanoparticles: Toward heterostructured nanocomposites for efficient hydrogen storage

Nanoscale design to enable the revolution in renewable energy

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