A Review of Hydrogen-Natural Gas Blend Fuels in Internal Combustion Engines

Mariani, Antonio; Morrone, Biagio; Unich, Andrea

doi:10.5772/37834

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…В последнее два десятилетия ученые и инженеры ведущих стран мира уделяют большое внимание новому топливу hythane -смеси природного газа с водородом [1,2]. В США, Китае, Индии и Норвегии действуют программы государственной поддержки потребителей hythane [3,4]. Это обусловлено тем, что использование hythane способствует значительному снижению токсичности выхлопа двигателя и повышению его тягово-динамических показателей [5,6].…”

Section: введение и постановка задачиunclassified

О Связи Ширины Зоны Турбулентного Горения С Составом Топлива, Давлением, Скоростью Распространения И Электропроводностью Пламени

Шайкин¹,

Галиев²

2020

Журнал Технической Физики

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The results of an experimental study of the relationship between the width turbulent combustion zone (TCZ) and composition of the composite fuel (hythane), the maximum pressure in combustion chamber of variable volume, the propagation velocity and electrical conductivity of the turbulent flame are presented. It was revealed that the width TCZ has a characteristic dependence on the composition of hythane. It was experimentally found that, despite a change coefficient of excess air, hydrogen concentration in the fuel, turbulence intensity and type of fuel (hythane and gasoline), the dependences of width TCZ on the turbulent flame propagation velocity and electrical conductivity of the flame, as well as the dependence maximum pressure on width, remain unchanged TCZ. The results of the work can be used in the design and development of energy-efficient and low-emission combustion chambers.

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Section: введение и постановка задачиunclassified

О Связи Ширины Зоны Турбулентного Горения С Составом Топлива, Давлением, Скоростью Распространения И Электропроводностью Пламени

Шайкин¹,

Галиев²

2020

Журнал Технической Физики

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“…One study calculated the laminar flame speed for H 2 –CH 4 mixtures at various temperatures, pressures, and equivalence ratios using a gravimetric mixture ratio approximation . Overall, irrespective of the mixture, H 2 will increase the laminar flame speed of the mixture; ,,,, however, the flame speed does not necessarily increase linearly with H 2 addition . There still remains a gap for experimental work on laminar flame speed to be carried out at typical gas turbine conditions of high temperatures, pressures, and lean equivalence ratios, , especially for hydrogen–natural gas and hydrogen–biofuel mixtures.…”

Section: Combustion Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is reported that the turbulent flame speed is also increased upon H 2 addition; in fact, at H 2 contents >35 vol% the turbulent flame speed increases drastically, and nonlinearly, compared to the increase in the laminar flame speed . The increased flame speed of H 2 reduces the combustion duration of H 2 –CH 4 mixtures and results in shorter flames . The higher flame speed of H 2 provides an opportunity for the length of the combustion chamber to be reduced, which, in turn, will reduce the combustion residence time (less NO formation) and cooling requirements …”

Section: Combustion Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviewing H₂ Combustion: A Case Study for Non-Fuel-Cell Power Systems and Safety in Passive Autocatalytic Recombiners

2018

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This Review looks at past and current research and development (R&D) on H2 combustion in terms of power generation in gas turbines and safety in passive autocatalytic recombiners (PARs). The drive toward reducing greenhouse gas emissions has forced researchers to look at carbon-free alternatives for power generation. Fortunately, H2 is one such fuel source and has been proposed as a fuel in gas turbines for large-scale power production. The effects of H2 on the heating values, flame speed, burning velocity, flammability range, flashback, blow-off, ignition delay, and emissions have been reported, and the trends and gaps in R&D identified. Properties such as flame speed, burning velocities, and flammability limits at typical gas turbine conditions (high pressures, high temperatures, lean equivalence ratios, and turbulent conditions) still need to be determined experimentally for H2 fuel mixtures, especially for mixtures with higher H2 concentrations and fuel mixtures with other fuels (such as biogas) as an evolutionary step toward adapting to a hydrogen economy. Much work has been done on pre-mixed dry low emissions and diffusion combustion with dilution as means of accommodating high hydrogen content (HHC) fuels. Staged combustion, vortex-stabilized combustion, multiple injection combustion, and catalytic combustion have been proposed for HHC fuels, yet still further R&D is required. Finally, oxy-fuel combustion provides a promising technology for HHC fuels, and researchers should focus on its testing and development. Although H2 is a good alternative to carbon-based fuel, its unique properties increase the probability of a fire hazard. Toward developing a hydrogen economy, we also need to ensure the safety of H2. Unfortunately, in unique scenarios, for instance in closed areas, venting and detection measures are no long adequate, nor possible, to ensure safety. Other intervention methods are required. H2 combustion in PARs is well known in the nuclear industry, but PARs can also be used for flammable gas control in other applications. The current status quo of PARs is discussed. Understanding and developing robust PARs for nuclear applications as well as alternative applications is vital for establishing a hydrogen economy. Gas turbine technologies that are H2 compatible have attracted much attention worldwide, within both academia and industry, especially in the U.S., Europe, and some Asian countries. Presently, the key role-players in this field are the U.S. Department of Energy, Hitachi, Kawasaki, Siemens, and General Electric. Some of the initiatives toward developing H2 gas turbines are discussed, with the strongest being the potential use in clean integrated coal gasification combined cycle applications.

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“…However, it has a low laminar flame speed compared to gasoline, which in lean conditions produces a high cycle-to-cycle variability. In this regard, several studies [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] have analysed the performance, the characteristics of the combustion, and the emissions of methane/hydrogen/air blends. It is showed that the addition of a small quantity of hydrogen to the methane can promote combustion also in lean conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of hydrogen addition to natural gas or ammonia as a solution towards low- or zero-carbon fuel for the supply of a small turbocharged SI engine

2021

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Nowadays there is an increasing interest in carbon-free fuels such as ammonia and hydrogen. Those fuels, on one hand, allow to drastically reduce CO2 emissions, helping to comply with the increasingly stringent emission regulations, and, on the other hand, could lead to possible advantages in performances if blended with conventional fuels. In this regard, this work focuses on the 1D numerical study of an internal combustion engine supplied with different fuels: pure gasoline, and blends of methane-hydrogen and ammonia-hydrogen. The analyses are carried out with reference to a downsized turbocharged two-cylinder engine working in an operating point representative of engine operations along WLTC, namely 1800 rpm and 9.4 bar of BMEP. To evaluate the potential of methane-hydrogen and ammonia-hydrogen blends, a parametric study is performed. The varied parameters are air/fuel proportions (from 1 up to 2) and the hydrogen fraction over the total fuel. Hydrogen volume percentages up to 60% are considered both in the case of methane-hydrogen and ammonia-hydrogen blends. Model predictive capabilities are enhanced through a refined treatment of the laminar flame speed and chemistry of the end gas to improve the description of the combustion process and knock phenomenon, respectively. After the model validation under pure gasoline supply, numerical analyses allowed to estimate the benefits and drawbacks of considered alternative fuels in terms of efficiency, carbon monoxide, and pollutant emissions.

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A Review of Hydrogen-Natural Gas Blend Fuels in Internal Combustion Engines

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

О Связи Ширины Зоны Турбулентного Горения С Составом Топлива, Давлением, Скоростью Распространения И Электропроводностью Пламени

О Связи Ширины Зоны Турбулентного Горения С Составом Топлива, Давлением, Скоростью Распространения И Электропроводностью Пламени

Reviewing H₂ Combustion: A Case Study for Non-Fuel-Cell Power Systems and Safety in Passive Autocatalytic Recombiners

Potential of hydrogen addition to natural gas or ammonia as a solution towards low- or zero-carbon fuel for the supply of a small turbocharged SI engine

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A Review of Hydrogen-Natural Gas Blend Fuels in Internal Combustion Engines

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

О Связи Ширины Зоны Турбулентного Горения С Составом Топлива, Давлением, Скоростью Распространения И Электропроводностью Пламени

О Связи Ширины Зоны Турбулентного Горения С Составом Топлива, Давлением, Скоростью Распространения И Электропроводностью Пламени

Reviewing H2 Combustion: A Case Study for Non-Fuel-Cell Power Systems and Safety in Passive Autocatalytic Recombiners

Potential of hydrogen addition to natural gas or ammonia as a solution towards low- or zero-carbon fuel for the supply of a small turbocharged SI engine

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Reviewing H₂ Combustion: A Case Study for Non-Fuel-Cell Power Systems and Safety in Passive Autocatalytic Recombiners