A review of inkjet printing technology for personalized-healthcare wearable devices

Abstract

Personalized healthcare (PHC) is a booming sector in the health science domain wherein researchers from diverse technical backgrounds are focusing on the need for remote human health monitoring.

All-printed and stretchable organic electrochemical transistors using a hydrogel electrolyte

“…PEDOT:PSS) can be patterned with photolithography, 12 printing technologies are well-suited for fabricating OECTs, since they permit to pattern the metal contacts and the channel with the same equipment and easily allow to modify the device layout. 13…”

“…PEDOT:PSS) can be patterned with photolithography, 12 printing technologies are well-suited for fabricating OECTs, since they permit to pattern the metal contacts and the channel with the same equipment and easily allow to modify the device layout. 13 For all-printed OECTs, inkjet printing allows the patterning of the components with a relatively high resolution. 14,15 Inkjet printing was employed to fabricate fully printed OECTs with a PEDOT:PSS channel and a graphene gate, used as enzymatic glucose sensors.…”

Encapsulating and inkjet-printing flexible conductive patterns on a fluoroelastomer for harsh hydrocarbon fluid environments

“…Inkjet printing has several advantages over other patterning techniques as there is a vast choice of inks and substrates to print, the printing pattern can be reconfigured easily, printing on top of prefabricated flexible patterns can be easily done, material wastage is less compared to other patterning techniques, and controlling of the ink droplet deposition location is easy using a digitally controlled computer program. Further, a detailed comparison of other printing techniques along with their pros and cons, is mentioned in our previous work by Du et al 41 We tabulated the printing techniques based on common printing characteristics to compare and analyze them. Table 2 illustrates the printing characteristics for screen, inkjet, flexographic, and gravure printing techniques.…”

In Situ Spray Polymerization of Conductive Polymers for Personalized E-textiles

“…10−14 However, these techniques may encounter challenges with clogging and high-throughput printing, particularly when covering large areas with active nanomaterials or molecules. 15,16 A range of conductive materials, such as nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, graphite, polymers, or composites, have been used to create e-textiles. 17−21 Among others, conductive polymers, such as polypyrrole (PPy), are of particular interest due to their desirable features for use in e-textiles, including mechanical softness, high electrical conductivity, ease of synthesis, compatibility with human skin, and stability against corrosion and oxidation.…”

“…E-textiles, a form of wearable technology that combines textiles with sensory capabilities, enable real-time and mobile monitoring of critical health signals, making them useful for various applications such as healthcare, military equipment, and wearable devices. − A range of traditional techniques for overcoating conductive materials, such as dip-coating, electrochemical deposition, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), and direct printing, have been developed to produce e-textiles. − However, these techniques face challenges in creating intricate or personalized sensor designs for different fabric types due to the requirements of using heat, vacuum, precursors, plasma system, or vaporization process. , Additive patterning techniques, such as screen printing, inkjet printing, and three-dimensional (3D) dispensing, have been used to create custom sensor designs by employing either a shadow mask or direct writing. − However, these techniques may encounter challenges with clogging and high-throughput printing, particularly when covering large areas with active nanomaterials or molecules. , …”